solar

Question 1

1. Who discovered the photovoltaic effect?
   A. Albert Einstein
   B. Charles Fritts
   C. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel
   D. Edward Weston

Answer 1

C. Alexandre Edmond Becquerel

Question 2

What is the main function of a solar inverter?
A. Store electricity in batteries
B. Convert AC to DC
C. Convert DC to AC
D. Generate heat from sunlight

Answer 2

C. Convert DC to AC

Question 3

What year was the first practical silicon-based solar cell developed?
A. 1954
B. 1963
C. 1905
D. 1973

Answer 3

A. 1954

Question 4

Which component in a solar panel absorbs sunlight and generates electron-hole pairs?
A. Copper wiring
B. Semiconductor material
C. Battery
D. Heat exchanger

Answer 4

B. Semiconductor material

Question 5

What is the average efficiency of monocrystalline solar panels?
A. 10–13%
B. 15–20%
C. 18–24%
D. 25–30%

Answer 5

C. 18–24%

Question 6

What does the Performance Ratio (PR) measure?
A. Battery storage capacity
B. Sunlight hours per day
C. System efficiency
D. Inverter power rating

Answer 6

C. System efficiency

Question 7

Which country is the global leader in installed solar capacity as of 2024?
A. United States
B. China
C. Germany
D. India

Answer 7

B. China

Question 8

What solar technology allows electricity generation from both sides of the panel?
A. PERC
B. Thin-film
C. Monocrystalline
D. Bifacial

Answer 8

D. Bifacial

Question 9

Which Philippine law promotes solar development through incentives and tax breaks?
A. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act
B. Renewable Energy Act of 2008
C. Green Energy Auction Program
D. Executive Order 232

Answer 9

B. Renewable Energy Act of 2008

Question 10

What is the depth of discharge (DoD) in battery systems?
A. Maximum voltage capacity
B. Ratio of sunlight hours
C. Usable battery energy fraction
D. Conversion rate of DC to AC

Answer 10

C. Usable battery energy fraction

Question 11

What year did Sharp begin mass production of solar panels?
A. 1954
B. 1963
C. 1977
D. 1983

Answer 11

B. 1963

Question 12

What is the unit of solar irradiance?
A. kWh
B. Wh
C. W/m²
D. kW/m

Answer 12

C. W/m²

Question 13

What is the formula to calculate daily energy output of a solar panel?
A. E = I × A
B. E = Poutput × H
C. E = Pinput × η
D. E = Ptotal / ηinv

Answer 13

B. E = Poutput × H

Question 14

Which solar panel type is the least efficient but lightweight and flexible?
A. Monocrystalline
B. Polycrystalline
C. Thin-film
D. PERC

Answer 14

C. Thin-film

Question 15

What does a PN junction in a solar cell do?
A. Increases sunlight absorption
B. Heats up the panel
C. Creates an electric field
D. Stores electrical energy

Answer 15

C. Creates an electric field

Question 16

What country launched the ‘Solar Great Wall’ project?
A. India
B. USA
C. China
D. UAE

Answer 16

C. China

Question 17

What does the charge controller rating (Icc) formula involve?
A. Icc = Poutput × V
B. Icc = Pinput / η
C. Icc = Poutput / V
D. Icc = E / V

Answer 17

C. Icc = Poutput / V

Question 18

What is the main function of solar tracking systems?
A. Improve battery lifespan
B. Store excess power
C. Follow the sun to increase output
D. Convert AC to DC

Answer 18

C. Follow the sun to increase output

Question 19

What is the efficiency range of polycrystalline panels?
A. 10–13%
B. 15–20%
C. 18–24%
D. 20–23%

Answer 19

B. 15–20%

Question 20

What solar company is known for being German-managed and active in the Philippines?
A. Greenergy
B. Meralco
C. PHILERGY
D. Enfinity

Answer 20

C. PHILERGY

Question 21

What year did Albert Einstein publish his paper on the photoelectric effect?
A. 1905
B. 1921
C. 1954
D. 1970

Answer 21

A. 1905

Question 22

What is the energy output formula of a solar panel per year?
A. E = Pinput × 365
B. Eyear = E × 365
C. Eyear = I × A
D. Eyear = E / 365

Answer 22

B. Eyear = E × 365

Question 23

What is the advantage of bifacial solar panels?
A. Built-in inverter
B. Higher cost efficiency
C. Energy absorption on both sides
D. Longer lifespan

Answer 23

C. Energy absorption on both sides

Question 24

What is the power output formula of a solar panel?
A. Poutput = Pinput × η
B. Poutput = I × η
C. Poutput = A × η
D. Poutput = E / H

Answer 24

A. Poutput = Pinput × η

Question 25

Which battery type is more efficient and has a longer lifespan? A. Lead-acid B. Nickel-cadmium C. Lithium-ion D. Alkaline

Answer 25

C. Lithium-ion

Question 26

What is the average panel efficiency of PERC solar panels? A. 10–13% B. 15–20% C. 20–23% D. 18–24%

Answer 26

C. 20–23%

Question 27

What solar application is best for water heating in households? A. PV panels B. Thin-film panels C. Solar thermal collectors D. Solar tracker systems

Answer 27

C. Solar thermal collectors

Question 28

What type of solar power is used for large-scale generation using mirrors and heat? A. Monocrystalline PV B. BIPV C. CSP (Concentrated Solar Power) D. PERC panels

Answer 28

C. CSP (Concentrated Solar Power)

Question 29

What was the installed solar capacity of the Philippines as of 2023? A. 500 MW B. 1,500 MW C. 2,500 MW D. 5,000 MW

Answer 29

B. 1,500 MW

Question 30

What is the term for panels built into building materials like windows or facades? A. Smart panels B. Solar skins C. Transparent solar D. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

Answer 30

D. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV)

Question 31

What Philippine program allows users to export excess solar power back to the grid? A. Feed-in Tariff B. Powerwall Program C. Net Metering Program D. Renewable Energy Auction

Answer 31

C. Net Metering Program

Question 32

What is the formula to calculate solar power input? A. Pinput = η × H B. Pinput = I × A C. Pinput = E / A D. Pinput = V × I

Answer 32

B. Pinput = I × A

Question 33

Which company manufactures high-efficiency bifacial and TOPCon panels globally? A. SunPower B. JinkoSolar C. Solaric D. Greenergy

Answer 33

B. JinkoSolar

Question 34

Which solar company pioneered rooftop solar systems in Mindanao? A. Solaric B. SunPower PH C. PHILERGY D. Greenergy Solar

Answer 34

D. Greenergy Solar

Question 35

What trend describes solar panels floating on water? A. Transparent solar B. Agrivoltaics C. Floatovoltaics D. Hydro-solar

Answer 35

C. Floatovoltaics

Question 36

What efficiency is typical of thin-film solar panels? A. 10–13% B. 15–20% C. 20–23% D. 25–30%

Answer 36

A. 10–13%

Question 37

What system loss is caused by temperature increase in solar panels? A. Voltage drop B. Temperature coefficient loss C. Inverter loss D. Cloud shading

Answer 37

B. Temperature coefficient loss

Question 38

What law institutionalized energy efficiency in the Philippines in 2019? A. Renewable Energy Act B. Energy Modernization Law C. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act D. Green Infrastructure Law

Answer 38

C. Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act

Question 39

What is the approximate weight of one standard solar panel? A. 10–12 kg B. 15–17 kg C. 17–21 kg D. 25–30 kg

Answer 39

C. 17–21 kg

Question 40

What solar technology increases panel output by adjusting to the sun's position? A. PERC B. Bifacial C. Tracking system D. Inverter

Answer 40

C. Tracking system

Question 41

What component converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC)? A. Battery B. Transformer C. Inverter D. Regulator

Answer 41

C. Inverter

Question 42

Which solar panel type is made from a single silicon crystal and offers high efficiency? A. Polycrystalline B. Monocrystalline C. Thin-film D. Perovskite

Answer 42

B. Monocrystalline

Question 43

What is the purpose of a charge controller in a solar setup? A. Improve battery lifespan B. Track sunlight C. Convert DC to AC D. Prevent battery overcharging

Answer 43

D. Prevent battery overcharging

Question 44

What is the formula to determine the number of solar panels needed for a home? A. N = Epanel / Ehome B. N = A × η C. N = Ehome / Epanel D. N = V / I

Answer 44

C. N = Ehome / Epanel

Question 45

What Philippine solar company is located in Makati and offers turnkey solar solutions? A. Greenergy B. SunPower C. PHILERGY D. Solaric

Answer 45

D. Solaric

Question 46

Which solar panel technology integrates solar with windows or building materials? A. Smart grid panels B. Passive solar C. BIPV D. HJT

Answer 46

C. BIPV

Question 47

What global company is known for its Vertex and TOPCon solar modules? A. LONGi B. Trina Solar C. Canadian Solar D. SunPower

Answer 47

B. Trina Solar

Question 48

What is the meaning of DoD in battery systems? A. Degree of Discharge B. Depth of Discharge C. Drop-off Deviation D. Daily Output Distribution

Answer 48

B. Depth of Discharge

Question 49

What organization was created in 1977 to focus on renewable energy in the U.S.? A. NASA B. SEIA C. DOE D. NREL

Answer 49

D. NREL

Question 50

What is a common advantage of solar panels over fossil fuels? A. Requires more space B. High pollution C. Zero emissions during operation D. Higher upfront cost

Answer 50

C. Zero emissions during operation

Question 51

What year did Tesla release the Powerwall battery system? A. 2012 B. 2015 C. 2018 D. 2020

Answer 51

B. 2015

Question 52

What causes solar panels to lose efficiency on hot days? A. Water vapor B. Excessive shading C. Temperature coefficient loss D. Faulty inverter

Answer 52

C. Temperature coefficient loss

Question 53

Which solar panel type has the highest efficiency in most cases? A. Thin-film B. Polycrystalline C. Monocrystalline D. Perovskite

Answer 53

C. Monocrystalline

Question 54

What is the unit for battery capacity in solar systems? A. W B. Ah C. V D. kWh

Answer 54

B. Ah

Question 55

Which company leads global solar panel manufacturing as of 2024? A. Trina Solar B. Canadian Solar C. JinkoSolar D. SunPower

Answer 55

C. JinkoSolar

Question 56

What innovation enables solar panels to collect energy even on reflective surfaces like snow? A. Bifacial panels B. Transparent panels C. Thin-film panels D. Smart grid panels

Answer 56

A. Bifacial panels

Question 57

What is the term for combining solar energy with farming on the same land? A. Agrosolarism B. Solar synergy C. Agrivoltaics D. Solargriculture

Answer 57

C. Agrivoltaics

Question 58

What is the primary environmental benefit of solar energy? A. Eliminates all energy costs B. Reduces water demand C. Generates CO₂ D. Replaces batteries

Answer 58

B. Reduces water demand

Question 59

Which government policy enables competitive bidding for solar projects in the Philippines? A. Executive Order 462 B. Green Energy Auction Program (GEAP) C. Net Metering D. Solar Investment Policy

Answer 59

B. Green Energy Auction Program (GEAP)

Question 60

What new battery type is being explored as a replacement for lithium-ion? A. Lead-carbon B. Sodium-ion C. Nickel-metal hydride D. Solid-state

Answer 60

D. Solid-state