Soils

Question 1

The general dynamic surface layer is composed of

Answer 1

1. organic matter (biosphere)
2. water (hydrosphere)
3. air (atmosphere)
4. Rock (lithosphere)

Question 2

How might rock terrain transforms into a forest?

Answer 2

1. Weathering: chemical - softening water and oxygen
   Physical- rock breaks by water, weathering, and plant roots implant into the rock.

Question 3

Regolith bedrock

Answer 3

partially weathered materials

Question 4

Soil( Pedogenic Regimes)

Answer 4

Podzolization- podzols: tends to be fertile
cools abundant precipitation, midlatitudes, and acidic under cool forest,
the order is spodosal located in the borreal forest

• organic under prairies, Order: Mollisol which are most fertile in the world and consider endangered.

Question 5

What soil regime is based on forest and is a podzolization?

Answer 5

The order: Alfisols is native in temperate forest soils. Still leached (like spodosols), and still fertile like the mollisols.

Question 6

Explain the order of Aridisol.

Answer 6

The order of the aridisol is a soil regime that has calcification. Cool to hot, arid to semiarid environments

CaCO3 conc. and has caliche in dry deserts and the depth to the CaCO3 often represets annual rainfall in regions.

Question 7

Gleization

Answer 7

In the soil regime, the gleization is cold, moist, subarctic. Saturation condition; high water table. Orders is unfrozen: histosol and frozen the permafrost and the cryosol.

Question 8

Andisols

Answer 8

Parent material is volcanic ash, highly fertile, common in the ring of fire.

Question 9

What are the 12 soil orders?

Answer 9

Spodosols, mollisols, alfisols, aridisols, ultisols, oxisols, thistosols, cryosols, and andisols

Question 10

Describe the pattern of soils in North and Central America.
Explain the spatial pattern of Mollisols, Alfisols, Andisols,Explain the spatial pattern of Mollisols, Alfisols, Andisols,
Spodosols, Aridisols, and Ultisols.Spodosols, Aridisols, and Ultisols.

Answer 10

The soil pattern of the soils is there is a pattern on the temperate, moisture, and the location is where the microbials will thrive. Like the laterization, thrives in rainforest where it is warm and heavy in precipitation.

Question 11

Laterization

Answer 11

SE climates: Utisols
Rainforest: Oxisols
Warm: heavy precipitation
Very little organics
- taken up in dense vegetation
Leaching of nutrients