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SEDIMENTS QUIZ 1 > SOIL > Flashcards

SOIL Flashcards

1
Q

mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air

A

SOIL

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2
Q

layer of rock fragments produced by weathering

A

Regolith

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3
Q

type of soil found on the moon’s surface

A

Lunar Regolith/Lunar soil

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4
Q

study of physical and chemical properties of soil and its formation

A

PEDOLOGY

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5
Q

5 controls of soil formation

A
  1. Parent Material
  2. Time
  3. Climate
  4. Organisms
  5. Topography
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6
Q

source of weathered mineral matter from which soils develop

A

Parent Material

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7
Q

strongly influences weathering by the length of time that processes have been operating

A

Time

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8
Q

climate elements that exert the strongest impact on soil formation

A

Climate

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9
Q

types and abundances that influence physical and chemical properties of soil

A

Organisms

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10
Q

variations that lead to the development of a variety of localized soil types

A

Topography

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11
Q

zones of soil with varying composition, texture, and structure found at different depths

A

Horizons

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12
Q

vertical section of all the soil horizons

A

Soil profile

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13
Q

washing out of fine soil components

A

Eluviation

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14
Q

depletion of soluble materials from upper horizons

A

Leaching

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15
Q

Constitutes O and A horizons

A

TOPSOIL

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16
Q

Largely organic material

A

O HORIZONS

17
Q
  • Largely mineral matter
  • High biological activity
  • Humus generally present at up to 30%
A

A Horizon

18
Q
  • Light-colored
  • Zone of eluviation and leaching
  • Contains little organic material
A

E HORIZON

19
Q
  • Zone of accumulation
  • Material from E horizon is deposited and accumulated here
A

B HORIZON/SUBSOIL

20
Q
  • True soil constituting O, A, E, and B horizon
A

SOLUM

21
Q
  • Layer of partially altered parent material
A

C HORIZON

22
Q

Unweathered parent material

A

R HORIZON

23
Q

soil classification based on physical and chemical properties of soil profile

A

SOIL TAXONOMY

24
Q

SEQUENCE OF SOIL PROFILE

A

O, A, E, B, C, R

25
Q

SEQUENCE BY FORMATION

A

R, C, O ,A ,E, B

26
Q

high-nutrient

A

alfisol

27
Q

volcanic

A

andisol

28
Q

desert

A

aridosol

29
Q

new

A

entisol

30
Q

permafrost

A

gelisol

31
Q

organic

A

histosol

32
Q

young

A

inceptisol

33
Q

prairie

A

mollisol

34
Q

tropical forest

A

oxisol

35
Q

conifer forest

A

spodosol

36
Q

low-nutrient

A

ultisol

37
Q

swelling-clay

A

vertisol

SEDIMENTS QUIZ 1 (9 decks)

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