SOGs Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Question 108. According to SOGs - A medical emergency access incident is an actual or probable situation where either the Police Rescue Coordinator or the Ambulance Service of NSW (ASNSW) Communication Centre Manager considers serious. What do they consider a person at risk of if access is not gained quickly?

Answer

A

A patient is at risk of further serious injury or death if medical assistance is not provided quickly.

Question 2

Q

Question 111. According to SOGs - Radio codes for automatic fire alarms (AFAs) are used by the Incident Commander (IC) to send an incident completed (Stop) message to FireCOM at the conclusion of an AFA-reported incident. When AFA call is to an actual fire – i.e., one which FRNSW has been alerted to by the activation of an AFA or manual call point. What is required to be reported to FireCOM?

Answer

A

Code 100 followed by a detailed message.

Question 3

Q

Question 112. According to SOGs - Safety is paramount at all bushfires. A safety briefing must be completed and communicated to firefighters. Firefighters should constantly review LACES. Describe each letter of the acronym LACES.

Answer

A

· Lookouts – Fire crews must LOOKOUT and ensure that they have a clear appreciation of current fire behaviour, location and size of the fire in relation to crew location.

· Awareness – Firefighters must be aware of what is happening around them, including: − the impact of changes in fire behaviour caused by variations to fuel, weather and topography − observation of smoke colour, direction and column − fireground and urban hazards including the potential for falling rocks and trees − hydration of themselves and others.

· Communications – All fire crews must maintain communication in accordance with the communications plan and ensure safety issues are discussed and addressed immediately.

· Escape Routes – At least two escape routes should be agreed and made known to all relevant personnel. The suitability of escape routes should be reviewed continually to ensure they remain effective.

· Safety Zones – Safety zones (refuge areas) should be identified and made known to all relevant firefighters. Firefighters need to consider escape time and safety zone size requirements, which may change as fire behaviour changes.

Question 4

Q

Question 113. According to SOGs-Fire danger ratings (FDR) give an indication of the consequences of a bushfire. The higher the fire danger, the more dangerous the conditions. List the ratings.

Answer

A

Catastrophic
Extreme
High
Moderate
No rating

Question 5

Q

Question 114 According to SOGs when sending radio messages, to ensure they are easy to understand and hear. How should they be formulated

Answer

A

CAN Format (Conditions, Actions, Needs).

Question 6

Q

Question 117. Heat stress is the most common condition which affects firefighters. It all too frequently affects their welfare, but more importantly, it affects their judgement and competence in the field. All firefighters must be able to recognise the symptoms, name three symptoms as stated in SOGs.

Answer

A

Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea

Question 7

Q

Question 118. According to SOGs - The status of a bushfire is the degree to which it is under control. What terminology is to be used in radio messages and sitreps to FireCOM?

Answer

A

Going
Being Controlled
Contained
Patrol
Out

Question 8

Q

Question 119. According to SOGs - What acronym is used to assist ICs in remembering the factors which should be considered in an effective size-up

Answer

A

B uilding
E xposures
L ocation of fire
E xtinguishment
A ssistance

Question 9

Q

Question 120. According to SOGs - Describe offensive and defensive firefighting strategies.

Answer

A

Offensive – operating in close proximity to the hazards, or
Defensive – operating away from the hazards

Question 10

Q

Question 121. As stated in SOGs - What does the Incident Action (IAP) usually describe?

Answer

A

The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.

Question 11

Q

Question 122. As stated in SOGs - In the event of a major fire, the IC must establish an exclusion zone to protect personnel from the risk of windows, panels and debris that become dislodged by heat, wind pressure or water jets. Any external Control Point (e.g., Incident Control Vehicle) must be located outside this zone. How far will the exclusion zone extend?

Answer

A

The exclusion zone will extend:
- upwind, minimum 50 metres
- downwind, a minimum distance of twice the height of the
highest fire floor. (eg a fire on the 20th floor, allowing 3m per
floor, requires an exclusion zone of 120m).

Question 12

Q

Question 123. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what are the actions of the first arriving Station Commander?

Answer

A

Station Commander becomes Sector Commander for the fire floor, establishes a Forward Control Point, and commences operations from the floor below the fire.

Question 13

Q

Question 124. According to SOGs - Twin bore tunnels, where traffic flows occur in separate tunnels, the tunnels are usually separated by 4-hour fire-resisting construction. Crossover passages between the tunnels are usually how many metres apart?

Question 14

Q

Question 125. According to SOGs - List the roles of FRNSW at incidents involving bomb threats or detonations?

Answer

A

Support NSW Police Force or the Australian Defence Force (ADF) by protecting life and property from the effects of fires or hazardous materials that may occur.
Act as the lead agency in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations, if required.
If requested, assist NSW Ambulance.

Question 15

Q

Question 126. According to SOGs - When referring to storage facilities describe- * Bulk * Flatbed storage * Ventilated * Sealed

Answer

A

(BULK) more than 4 tonnes (net), or more than 4 cubic metres of a substance, not in individual packages.
(FLATBED) a single level building or other structure designed for the storage of solids in bulk of more than 40 tonnes.
(VENTILATED) containers open to the atmosphere, including silos with explosion vents that have activated
(SEALED) a grain container is sealed during fumigation and semi sealed at other times – includes semi-sealed and oxygen limiting containers.

Question 16

Q

Question 127. According to SOGs - Standards Australia refers to Breathing Apparatus (BA) as supplied air respirators. Fire and Rescue NSW uses positive pressure supplied air respirators to provide the highest level of protection. Name and describe them.

Answer

A

Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).
Extended duration breathing apparatus (EDBA): An SCBA set in twin cylinder configuration which allows firefighters to work for approximately twice the time as single cylinder SCBA.
Airline respirator: An extension facemask with an airline supplied from a source of compressed air

Question 17

Q

Question 128. According to SOGs - Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people and equipment to prevent further injury and reduce the spread of the contaminant. What are the three ways decontamination can be implemented.

Answer

A

Standard decontamination is implemented where there is no life at risk.
Emergency decontamination is implemented where there is a life at risk (a person is rescued from the Hot Zone), or an immediate response is required due to an accidental contamination.
Mass decontamination is implemented in an unexpected and dangerous situation which must be dealt with immediately where a group of people are contaminated.

Question 18

Q

Question 129. According to SOGs When dealing with radiological incidents, the first priority is to minimise the exposure to radiation while rendering the incident safe. What are the main considerations for protecting people at radiological incidents?

Answer

A

Time – minimise the duration of exposure.
Distance – maximise the distance from the radiological source.
Shielding – maximise shielding between the radiological source and people.

Question 19

Q

Question 130. According to SOGs - What are three types of radiation.

Answer

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma and X-Ray

Question 20

Q

Question 131. According to SOGs - Materials that contain asbestos are known as asbestos containing materials (ACM). If asbestos is encountered at an incident, as far as practical, employ dust suppression tactics and leave ACM in situ. Provide three examples of dust suppression tactics.

Answer

A

Minimise disturbance – ie restrict salvage and overhaul work.
Keep it lightly dampened down with fog spray.
Apply a bonding agent such as a foam blanket or coloured PVA/water mix.
Bag into marked asbestos containment bags.
Wrap or cover with salvage plastic sheeting.

Question 21

Q

Question 139. According to SOGs - What is the unit of measurement for external radiation?

Question 22

Q

Question 140. According to SOGs - The risk of developing asbestos related disease depends on many factors. List three factors.

Answer

A

Concentration of exposure
Duration of exposure
Fibre characteristics
Other exposures

Question 23

Q

Question 141. List and define the three zone systems as outlined in SOGs Scene Security

Answer

A

Hot Zone - where no personnel enter until a DRA determines appropriate actions and level of PPE.
Warm Zone – where Fire and Rescue NSW conducts its operations.
Cold Zone – where the Incident Control Point and support agencies are located and where the Police implement overall site control.

Question 24

Q

Question 142. According to SOGs - Operators of aged care facilities have emergency plans, which include a staged evacuation plan. List the stage numbers including the stage FRNSW would likely be involved.

Answer

A

Stage 1
Stage 2 (FRNSW Involvement)
Stage 3

Question 25

Q

Question 143. According to SOGs - During bushfire operations safeguarding strategy is not fire suppression but can be used when defensive operations are not safe. Describe the actions taken in this strategy.

Answer

A

warn – tailored to the current situation and locality
move – support, assist and move, particularly vulnerable people to a safer location
protect – when moving to a safe location is impossible provide protection in whatever form necessary.

Question 26

Q

Question 144. According to SOGs - At a high-rise structure fire, what area provides a safe location with building communications, control equipment and plans?

Answer

A

Fire Control Room

Question 27

Q

Question 145. SOGs state - In some cases, mostly at larger structures and complexes it may not be appropriate to turn off power to the entire structure. List three of these structures or complexes.

Answer

A

Industrial complexes
High-rise buildings
Health care facilities

Question 28

Q

Question 116. According to SOGs - To minimise the risk of heat related illness, what is the minimum level of PPE that should be worn at a bushfire.

Question 29

Q

Question 155. According to SOGs - When using a hydrant booster, the IC will instruct the pump operator to run the hydrant booster system in one of three modes. List and describe all three.

Answer

A

Stand by mode—connect hose but do not charge it (SOG 4.11),
Activation mode—pressurise the hydrant system. (SOG 4.11)
Deactivation mode

Question 30

Q

Question 160. You respond to a building that has a dry riser system. In accordance with SOGs, if you identify one of these systems what should you be aware of?

Answer

A

Dry risers are hydrant systems that are not charged with water, relying on the NSWFB to charge them from street hydrants.

Question 31

Q

Question 161. During a bushfire, a helicopter is carrying out hot refuelling operations to prepare for ongoing water bombing operations. According to SOGs, a designated Fire Protection Crew should follow what procedures?

Answer

A

Wear full PPE
Do not become involved in refuelling or fire protection with extinguishers at the refuelling point.
Locate the appliance uphill, upwind, and at least 50 metres from the landing site, fuel pumps and fuel storage areas, and any incident on the airbase.
Stand by with lines of hose charged, foam eductor attached and Class B foam ready to be inducted.
Prevent water or foam streams from hitting the moving rotors.

Question 32

Q

Question 171. According to SOGs, as the Incident Commander, you may choose a fast attack command position. What does fast attack enable the IC to do?

Answer

A

More fully size up the incident.
Directly supervise the crew.
Assist the crew with task level work if needed.
Take advantage of the limited window of opportunity available while the incident is in its early stages

Question 33

Q

Question 180. According to SOGs, if co2 is used to extinguish a fire in an underground vault substation what is the minimum time it needs to be kept sealed within the vault?

Answer

A

20 minutes

Question 34

Q

Question 181. According to SOGs, what is the definition of decontamination?

Answer

A

Decontamination is the process of removing contaminants from people, clothing and equipment to prevent exposure to a contaminant and minimise spread of the contaminant. Equipment includes vehicles.

Question 35

Q

Question 182. During a bushfire, your sector contains an area where trees and grass are alight under high voltage power lines. According to SOGs, what are the safe working distances and what firefighting activities can you perform?

Answer

A

25 metres
Do not engage in firefighting underneath power lines
Wait for the fire to burn clear of the cleared areas beneath the power lines before commencing mop-up.
Only approach within 25 metres of the power lines to mop up grass fires.
Only knock down low (less than 2 metres high) isolated flames, spots or smouldering logs that are not producing a convection column or heavy smoke plume

Question 36

Q

Question 184. A BA team reports to a Breathing Apparatus Control Operator (BACO) two floors below the fire floor at a high-rise structure fire. They provide their BA tallies to the BACO and proceed to the fire floor but remain in the fire stairs for ten minutes before donning BA and beginning firefighting tasks. Ten minutes after that the BACO is trying to contact the Sector Commander urgently stating that they are running low on air when they are not. According to SOGs, what went wrong?

Answer

A

The BA team did not notify the BACO when they donned their facemask to begin using their air supply

Question 37

Q

Question 185. According to SOGs, there are five members of a decontamination team. Name all members.

Answer

A

Decontamination Officer
Wash Operator
Wash Assistant
Disrobe Assistant
Pump Operator

Question 38

Q

Question 187. You are in charge of firefighters providing fire protection during helicopter refuelling. You instruct them to wear full PPE. According to SOGs, what full PPE will they wear?

Answer

A

Full structural firefighting ensemble, including helmet and gloves
flash hood
SCBA
ear plugs.

Question 39

Q

Question 189. According to SOGs- Bushfire classes are determined by the level of resources committed to the fire, and its potential impact on the community, economy, essential infrastructure, and not its size. Describe a Class 3 bushfire?

Answer

A

A major bushfire or fires where an appointment is made or is imminent under the provisions of Section 44 of the Rural Fires Act 1997.

Question 40

Q

Question 192. You respond to a High-Rise building. According to SOGs, High Rise buildings are generally described by what characteristics?

Answer

A

High-rise buildings are generally described as being more than 25 metres high or having more than 10 levels.

Question 41

Q

Question 197. According to SOGs, Describe the term “All Clear.”

Answer

A

Search and rescue have been completed and the Incident Controller is satisfied that all occupants have been accounted for.

Question 42

Q

Question 198. According to the SOGs, on arrival at a high-rise structure fire, the Hazmat Officer will become the BA Commander and perform what duties?

Answer

A

Establish a main BA Control Area, on street level
provide reserve BA cylinders for servicing and regenerating EDBA and SCBA
manage contaminated water run-off
monitor smoke plumes.

Question 43

Q

Question 204. You are responded to a report of an unknown odour at an abandoned petrol station. You inform your crew to prepare a 4-head gas detector for use on arrival. According to SOGs, what four items of information can the detector tell you?

Answer

A

oxygen levels
flammable gas and vapours
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrogen Sulphide.

Question 44

Q

Question 205. Insulated Sandwich Panels (ISPs), especially those with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) cores can create an extremely hazardous environment for firefighters and may force adoption of a defensive strategy from an early stage. According to SOGs, what are the reasons for this?

Answer

A

EPS melts and flows like a liquid. It is highly flammable, inducing rapid fire spread, which is undetectable with thermal imaging cameras (due to the insulating properties of the panels) and can spread to areas remote from the fire origin.
Panel delamination, where the hot metal panel skins bow and open up, rapidly increases the rate of fire spread, which heats the ceiling void, creates secondary pool fires from melted EPS, and causes panels to collapse (Figure 2).
There is an increased risk of flashover and backdraught.
Large volumes of toxic, thick, black, acrid smoke are produced.
Sudden, loss of structural integrity may cause substantial building collapse.

Question 45

Q

Question 207. According to SOGs, when responding into a Rural Fire District, when are you required to send a Code 6?

Answer

A

Immediately it becomes apparent to the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) of an FRNSW appliance that they have received a call to an incident located within a Rural Fire District, or
With the Code 1 (responding) message if it is known at the time of the call that the incident is in a Rural Fire District

Question 46

Q

Question 210. In accordance with SOGs, when developing objectives, strategies and tactics what should be considered?

Answer

A

the response time for requested support;
the requirements for relief crews and refreshments; and
whether a change of shift might be necessary.

Question 47

Q

Question 214. According to SOGs - During the de-escalation of an incident, at what stage is command terminated?

Answer

A

Command is only terminated when the last resource leaves the incident

Question 48

Q

Question 217. According to SOGs - A major goal for the IC is to develop an Incident Action Plan for the incident. What is an incident action plan?

Answer

A

The IAP is developed to manage the incident. The IAP describes, at any point in time, the risk assessment, strategy and objectives, incident structure, layout of the incident, and any other relevant information.

Question 49

Q

Question 218. According to SOGs - What are the terms used in an initial radio report, to indicate the size of a structure at a fire incident.

Answer

A

Small – One hose lay can cover the entire structure.
Medium – One hose lay can cover 75% of the structure.
Large – One hose lay will cover 50% of the structure.
Very large – One hose lay will cover 25% of the structure.
Mega – One hose lay will cover 10% of the structure

Question 50

Q

Question 219. As stated in SOGs - Example -Initial radio report - The initial radio report (IRR) is sent by the first arriving officer to FireCOM. It time-stamps command, confirms and identifies the IC, and records initial details about the incident. It should be in Conditions, Actions, Needs (CAN) format and should include-

Answer

A

Confirmation of address.
Conditions: Brief description of the incident; obvious critical factors including hazards.
Actions: Initial incident action plan (IAP); assumption of command and naming of incident; strategy.
Needs: Increase of alarm level as per the Alarm Response Protocol (ARP), or, in areas where this does not operate, request for particular resources as per local arrangements (FireCOM will confirm the availability of requested resources).

Question 51

Q

Question 226. When conveying sensitive information on an open channel what should be considered as listed in SOGs?

Answer

A

Messages containing details of injuries, fatalities or personal information should be sent by alternative means of communication such as mobile phone, GRN private call facility, or face-to-face.
Be sensitive to the feelings of non-operational personnel or members of the public who may overhear messages. Ensure that outside speakers on appliances are turned off if sensitive information is being sent e.g. fatalities.

Question 52

Q

Question 233. According to SOGs - Describe the terms withdraw and abandon as used by the IC to indicate to crews the urgency required to move from offensive to a defensive strategy.

Answer

A

Withdraw – this indicates that firefighters have enough time to exit the structure or the position they are working in, with all their equipment, in a controlled manner. It is usually given by the IC in response to a tactical CAN report. An example of a message given to a Sector Commander or crew could be: Sector Commander Bravo we are changing strategy to defensive for the entire structure withdraw all crews and report PARS on exit. If there is more than one sector then this would be conveyed to all sectors.
Abandon – this indicates that there is an immediate threat to firefighter lives and the firefighters must exit the structure or position they are working in immediately and only bring equipment with them if it will not compromise their safety. This could be that a fire has rapidly escalated, wall collapse is imminent, or a trench is about to collapse. An example of a message is: All sectors roof collapse imminent we are going to a defensive strategy abandon your positions and report if you do not have a PAR. The term abandon should be the exception rather than the rule.

Question 53

Q

Question 240. According to SOGs when responded to a Community First Responder incident and the patient refuses care. What should you do?

Answer

A

If care is refused, observe the patient until the ambulance arrives.
Assume an unconscious patient wants assistance.
If a patient previously refusing treatment loses consciousness, treat them.

Question 54

Q

Question 241. According to SOGs - To ensure the safety of crews working on roads, list the actions that should be taken when positioning the vehicle and defining the workspace.

Answer

A

place and orient the advanced warning sign on the footpath where it is clearly visible to road users at a distance twice the prescribed speed limit in metres from the start of the work area to a maximum of 140 m, or at the next intersection
position the vehicle safely and turn on the emergency beacons and hazard warning lights to warn approaching traffic
ensure that a line of traffic cones is placed from the warning sign to the vehicle, spaced evenly to provide a safe work area
if necessary, appoint spotters to monitor traffic. NOTE If traffic conditions become dangerous, move to safety immediately.

Question 55

Q

Question 243. According to SOGs - Occasionally, FRNSW personnel may have to prepare a helicopter landing site. List the points to be considered when doing this.

Answer

A

position the landing site in an area 30 m x 30 m minimum, on solid, level ground away from power lines or wires, and clear of trees or similar obstacles
mark the corners of the landing site by placing a firefighter at each corner and cordon off to prevent unauthorised entry. Do not use tape or loose materials
clear all loose debris from the area, e.g. paper bags, cigarette cartons, aluminium cans etc, and secure all NSWFB equipment near the landing site
in dry, dusty conditions, the landing site may require wetting down to maintain visibility during landing and take off.
During night landings, place a strobe light and two vehicles with beacons flashing facing into the wind and facing inwards at 45° to the approach line with their headlights on. Ensure that the strobe light is turned off once the helicopter has identified or flown over the landing site.

Question 56

Q

Question 244. According to SOGs - Structure Fires in Rural Fire Districts- Where FRNSW is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District who will be the Incident Controller?

Answer

A

Where the NSWFB is requested to assist the NSW RFS at a structure fire in a rural Fire District, the senior officer from the NSW RFS present at the fire will be the Incident Controller

Question 57

Q

Question 246. According to SOGs - When must Level 1 or Level 2 Rehabilitation be considered?

Answer

A

Level 1 Rehab – recommended for small incidents not requiring the response of a specialist incident ground rehabilitation capability. Level 1 Rehab uses equipment carried on front line firefighting appliances. Generally, the Incident Controller (IC) manages Level 1 Rehab.
Level 2 Rehab – recommended for: − long duration incidents − in circumstances where crew rotation is limited − hot and dry, or cold and wet, conditions − where working conditions are arduous − where breathing apparatus usage and rotation is high, or − where conditions are such that specialist incident ground rehabilitation capabilities are required.

Question 58

Q

Question 247. According to SOGs - What two items do FRNSW use that lays out safe working practices to manage the safety of firefighters at incidents?

Answer

A

Training
Doctrine

Question 59

Q

Question 248. According to SOGs - There are many aspects to ensuring safety at an incident, from the IC implementing the correct strategy, down to the firefighters wearing the right PPE for their assigned tasks. Incident safety can therefore be described in terms of what three levels?

Answer

A

Task
Tactical
Strategic

Question 60

Q

Question 250. According to SOGs - What safety related worksheet is used as method of documenting hazards or risks and control measures at an incident?

Answer

A

Incident Safety Worksheet

Question 61

Q

Question 1. According to STP - What are the 3 Golden rules to follow when applying foam?

Answer

A

Do not begin to apply foam unless you have enough to extinguish the fire or cover the fuel spill
Point branch away from fire until good finished foam is being produced
You cannot mix different foam concentrates

Question 62

Q

Question 2. According to STP - List 3 hazards/considerations when using CAFS at a structure fire.

Answer

A

CAFS hose lines have a build up of pressure when the branch is closed, this causes a larger jet reaction than a standard hose
Slug flow – When the proportion of foam, air and water is wrong. It will cause the finished foam to “shudder” or “pulsate” as it is exiting the branch
Does not contain enough water for internal attack

Question 63

Q

Question 3. According to STP - List 5 actions to take when combatting a natural gas leak with no fire involved.

Answer

A

Structural PPE and SCBA
Evacuate all persons from the immediate area
Remove all sources of ignition
Respond Gas company
Only use intrinsically safe equipment
Dampen ground around the site of the gas release to prevent static electricity
Keep protection line in place using fog
If possible, crimp line to stop release of gas

Question 64

Q

Question 4.  According to STP - Acetylene is a very volatile gas, exploding cylinders can penetrate double brick walls or metal freight containers & land 200m away. How many hours after the cylinder is removed from the fire or heat source, if it is not cooled, can this explosion occur?

Answer 61

A

B-SAHF

Building – Smoke, Air Track, Heat and Flame

Answer 62

A

Gas cooling and hose stream techniques

Answer 63

A

S Lay
Cleavland Load

Answer 64

A

(1) When there is an alarm of fire, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act, proceed with all speed to the fire and try by all possible means to extinguish it and save any lives and property that are in danger.
(2) When there is a report of a hazardous material incident, a fire brigade must, despite anything to the contrary in any Act—
(a) proceed with all speed to the site of the incident, and
(b) try by all possible means to render the site of the incident safe and save any lives and property that are in danger.

Answer 65

A

(1) The officer in charge may, with or without members of a fire brigade, enter any place—
(a) in respect of which an alarm of fire is raised to ascertain whether there is a fire at the place, or
(b) in respect of which a report of a hazardous material incident has been made to ascertain whether there is any hazardous material at the place that is, or is about to be, the subject of a hazardous material incident.
(2) Reasonable force, whether by breaking down gates or fences or breaking open doors or otherwise, may be used to gain entry.

Answer 66

A

(1) At a fire, the officer in charge—
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property and for the control and extinguishing of the fire, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.

(1A) At the site of a hazardous material incident, the officer in charge
(a) may take such measures as the officer thinks proper for the protection and saving of life and property, for confining and ending the incident and for rendering the site safe, and
(b) is to control and direct the operations of any fire brigade.
The site is taken to be such area in the vicinity of the incident as is for the time being determined by the officer in charge.

(2) If the fire is a bush fire (including a grass fire), the officer in charge is, as far as practicable, to carry into effect any plan of operations in force under section 52 of the Rural Fires Act 1997 in relation to the place where the fire occurs.

Answer 67

A

The officer in charge at a fire or hazardous material incident may cause to be removed any person, vehicle, vessel or thing the presence of whom or which at or near a fire or hazardous material incident might, in the officer’s opinion, interfere with the work of any fire brigade or the exercise of any of the officer’s functions.  

Answer 68

A

A firefighter must not disclose any information obtained in the firefighter’s capacity as a firefighter unless the disclosure is made:
(a) in the exercise of the firefighter’s functions, or
(b) about factual matters that are generally available to the public, or
(c) by an approved firefighter to media representatives concerning operations at a fire or other incident, or
(d) at the direction or with the permission of the Commissioner, or
(e) with other lawful excuse.

Answer 69

A

(a) come on duty while under the influence of alcohol or a drug, or
(b) while on duty, consume, use or possess any alcohol or drug, or
(c) while on duty, gamble in circumstances that adversely affect the discipline or efficiency of Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(d) smoke at a fire or drill, in any departmental premises or in any departmental vehicle, or
(e) smoke in any public place while in uniform, or
(f) while off duty, enter or remain on departmental premises without authority, or
(g) while on or off duty, by words or action, behave in a manner that is subversive of discipline or calculated to bring discredit on Fire and Rescue NSW, or
(h) while on duty, by words or action, harass, intimidate or threaten another firefighter, or
(i) while on duty, by words or action, harass or discriminate against any person on the grounds of sex, marital status, pregnancy, age, ethnic or national origin, physical or intellectual impairment, sexual preference, transgender status, carer’s responsibilities or any other ground in respect of which discrimination is prohibited by the Anti-Discrimination Act 1977.

Answer 70

A

1.With a view to avoiding serious accidents at intersections when responding to an emergency, drivers of responding vehicles approaching a stop sign or red signal light must slow down and enter the intersection at a speed of not more than 8 kph. Having assessed the traffic conditions, and determined that it is safe to proceed, the driver may then continue across the intersection.
2. Whenever passing through the stop sign or red light would involve the vehicle in an accident, the driver must come to a halt and not move off again until it is safe to proceed.

Answer 71

A

All Fire and Rescue NSW employees are required to wear a seat belt, properly adjusted, when travelling in Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles. Any member travelling on a vehicle (including a water tanker) is to be seated inside the vehicle and must wear a seat belt. 

Answer 72

A

Station Commanders and supervisors must complete an Agency member motor vehicle claim form for all accidents involving Fire and Rescue NSW vehicles, including fire appliances, and submit it to their Duty Commander or manager with a covering memo explaining how the accident occurred.
The Duty Commander or manager must undertake an initial investigation of the accident to determine if any action is required.
The Agency member motor vehicle claim form must then be forwarded to the Fleet Management Unit who will process the insurance claim.
If the accident involved an injury, illness, exposure or near miss, a Notification of injury, illness, exposure or near miss form must also be submitted.

Answer 73

A

(1) A firefighter must acquire and maintain a thorough knowledge of, and must comply with the requirements of, the Act, this Regulation and the Commissioner’s Orders.
(2) A firefighter must acquire and maintain the knowledge and skills that are relevant to the performance of the firefighter’s functions.

Answer 74

A

use;
fire load;
population; and
mobility of the occupants, such as whether they are sleeping or alert

Answer 75

A

Contact the Fire Investigation and Research Unit (FIRU) for assistance if:
* There has been a loss of life at a fire, or a person is not expected to live from their injuries, or
* The fire is considered major (i.e. 4th Alarm or above, significant community impact or unusual fire behaviour), or
* The Origin and Cause of the fire is not apparent.

Answer 76

A

SOFA FORM (Summary of Firefighter Actions)

Answer 77

A

Fuel Controlled - In this initial phase of fire development the fire grows as a direct function of the fuel itself with little or no influence from the compartment environment. ie. The size, shape or number of openings. If we continue to add fuel the fire will grow in size. If we remove fuel, the fire will decrease in size. Therefore fires with more than enough air for combustion are said to be Fuel Controlled.

Ventilation Controlled - Most structure fires will reach a stage where fire development and the Heat Release Rate (HRR) is now dictated by the availability of oxygen. This occurs during a fully developed fire when the fire is pyrolyzing more fuel than can be burnt with the available oxygen in the compartment. It will also occur prior to this if the enclosure has insufficient openings. Simply put, fire growth (and HRR) is limited by the available air (O2) supply.

Answer 78

A

The fire floor
The floor above and
The top floor

Answer 79

A

Mayday Message

Answer 80

A

Every Incident that FRNSW attends

Answer 81

A

Deployment
Command
Situation evaluation
Incident action planning
Incident communications
Incident structure
Review and revision
Escalation and de-escalation

Answer 82

A

The Incident Commander

Answer 83

A

longitudinal ventilation (jet fans)
ducted ventilation
natural ventilation
a combination of the above.

Answer 84

A

Recycle – Crew stops work for a short period just outside the Hot Zone, to rest, rehydrate, and replenish air cylinders if relevant. They remain accountable to IC or Sector, Group or Division commander (SGD Commander), as per the incident structure.
Full rehabilitation – Crew is released and moves to the rehabilitation area. Once there, they are accountable to a Rehabilitation Officer.

Answer 85

A

Life at risk phase – where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to life.
Expanding phase – where the incident is uncontrolled and likely to expand. It requires rapid actions to control risks to life and property.
Contained phase – there are sufficient resources to contain the incident within the defined area. There is no life at risk, or life or property have already been lost.

Answer 86

A

firefighters in the course of their duty;
employees of Fire and Rescue NSW whose duty requires their attendance at an emergency;
members of other emergency services at the discretion of the member in charge; or
other persons authorised by the Commissioner.

Answer 87

A

Excluding the fire’s supply of oxygen (smothering)
Suppressing flammable vapours to stop them from igniting
Cooling the surface temperature to prevent re-ignition

Answer 88

A

ODOURLESS
COLOURLESS
HEAVIER THAN AIR

Answer 89

A

BLEVE – Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

Answer 90

A

(TIC, Infrared thermometer, wetting test)

Answer 91

A

S Safe approach
I Incident control
S Scene security
I Identify hazardous materials
A Assess potential harm and minimise environmental contamination
C Call in resources
M Monitor information
R Render safe and decontaminate

Answer 92

A

Stage 1 – Abuse Factor (thermal, electrical or mechanical abuse)
Stage 2 – Off-gas generation (occurs regardless of cell form)
Stage 3 – Smoke generation (catastrophic failure is imminent)
Stage 4 – Fire Generation (likelihood of propagation drastically increases)

Answer 93

A

NIENM form within 24 hours of occurence

Answer 94

A

Supervisor or Co-worker

Answer 95

A

SERM Act 1989

Answer 96

A

New South Wales Police Force

Answer 97

A

Yourself
Others
Unfortunate

Answer 98

A

One firefighter to wear full structural turnout PPC and SCBA
A manned line of 38mm hose charged to 400kPa, pump with recirculation valve open.
If a fire occurs, charge to 800kPa at the pump to achieve 700kpa at the branch.

Answer 99

A

Heated or extremely low temperatures
Oxygen deficient or enriched environment
Toxic atmospheres
Smoke

Answer 100

A

Keys to private premises form
Deposit of Keys form

Answer 101

A

Physical Activity Readiness Questionaire (PARQ)

Answer 102

A

Agency Member Motor Vehicle Claim Form

Answer 103

A

Safety aspect

Answer 104

A

· At EICIE (Chief Wardens Handset)
· Within 4 m of exit within each emergency zone
· Within 4 m of exit on each storey
· Within emergency lift shafts
· Adjacent to FDCIE if remote from EICIE

Answer 105

A

(1) Main stop valve
(2) Test drain
(3) Sprinkler test facility
(4) Sprinkler alarm valve
(5) System pressure gauge
(6) Deluge valve
(7) Water supply with water supply pressure gauge

Answer 106

A

Turning off power - involves turning off the main switch, removing fuses and switching off circuit breakers at the switchboard.

Isolating power - the best way to control an electrical hazard but this can only be done by the electricity company, and this takes time.

Answer 107

A

On-site consultation: determine whether it is appropriate to turn solar power system off and how best to do so
Assume switchboard is live: Don electrical safety gloves then over-gloves. Have your helmet visor down and look away
Follow the shutdown procedure: This may be on or near the switchboard or inverter. If not found, turn off the inverter main switch then turn off the solar panel main switch
Consider if benefits outweigh risks: Restrict work as far as reasonably practical to that required to protect life or prevent dangerous expansion of the incident
Isolate the power: If required, have the owner/occupier contact their electrician to isolate the power

Answer 108

A

ES Sticker

Answer 109

A

Use caution when approaching the device as thermal runaway and vapour release may occur without warning. If the device is connected to mains electricity (eg charging) ensure that electricity is switched off prior to applying water.
Knock-down any fire using copious amounts of water.
Cool the battery with a cooling stream of water.
Submerge the device in a suitable container of water if safe to do so. Use a tool such as a long-handled shovel to move the device.
If unable to submerge the device, continue cooling and conduct thermal checks every 15 minutes until ambient temperature is maintained for 60 minutes. Note: an increasing temperature is an indication that a thermal runaway event is occurring.
Ensure that all cells are accounted for by searching the area around the device. Failure to account for all cells may lead to a secondary fire event.
Notify FIRECOM that of a fire involving a Lithium-ion battery

Answer 110

A

Conduct firefighting from the ground or an aerial appliance. Do not get onto the roof to extinguish the fire. Do not put a ladder against the roof as the gutter may be electrified.
Extinguish the fire with a spray nozzle, using a pulse spray in a dispersed pattern. If the solar panel is at ground level, consider using CO2 to extinguish the fire, ensuring that there is at least 250 mm air gap between the CO2 extinguisher nozzle and any electrified components.
NSW Fair Trading notification form to be completed at completion of incident

Answer 111

A

· Wear SCBA and a full set of firefighting clothing
· Perform atmospheric monitoring using a gas detector

Answer 112

A

Level 2 PPE Minimum

Multi-purpose helmet
Goggles
Multi-purpose Jacket
GP gloves
Firefighting Gloves (Direct attack)
Duty wear trousers
FF boots
P2

Answer 113

A

Line defence (A line defence is used when conditions would normally allow an offensive attack but there are not enough units to mount an offensive attack in time. It involves preventing the approaching line of fire from closely approaching the property.)
Ember defence (An ember defence is used when the approaching line of fire is too intense to be suppressed by offensive means and is producing significant ember attack. It involves extinguishing small fires that occur in and around buildings, when and as they occur. Firefighters operate from safe positions behind suitable shielding from the main fire front and pull back to safer refuge if needed.)
Backstop defence (A backstop defence is used when there is no safe defensible space around buildings and/or the approaching fire is so intense that firefighters cannot safely protect the buildings during the impact of the fire. Firefighters withdraw temporarily a short distance away to a suitable safe refuge, with the intention of coming back after the fire front passes. After the main fire front subsides, they move forward to put out the property on fire. This type of defence is used when firefighters have run out of all other options)

Answer 114

A

Thermal runaway
Extreme fire behaviour
Release of toxic vapour and gases
Hazardous materials and leaked electrolytes
Stranded energy
Projectiles
Secondary ignition

Answer 115

A

The container’s vapour space (area above the liquid) is most crucial and is to be considered a high priority area for cooling.

Answer 116

A

Approximately 2m from the door

Answer 117

A

The appropriate bag for the type of contaminant: − Asbestos containment bags where asbestos is a suspected contaminant. − Yellow clinical waste bags for waste produced from providing first aid. − Clear contaminated gear bags for other contaminants, including smoke.
Cable ties or strong tape to seal the bags.
A contaminated equipment tag to attach to the bag with relevant details

Answer 118

A

The number if C02 cylinders to be injected

Answer 119

A

Composition of the ground – eg concrete, road surface, soil
Moisture content
Voltage of the electrical source

Answer 120

A

Metals (eg copper, aluminium, steel) – including ladders, fences, guttering, roofing
Human body
Timber and trees
Flame and dense smoke
Vehicle tyres
Some fire extinguishing mediums
Wet or dirty rope
Water – including hose lines

Answer 121

A

Stay away from the hazard. Always regard it as live until you know otherwise.
Assess the risks from at least 8 metres away from the hazard.
If suspected to be electrically hazardous, establish an Exclusion Zone.
Have the electricity company isolate power.
When leaving the incident site, if possible, provide information to the owner or other responsible person on the hazards still present at the site and the control measures in place.

Answer 122

A

Insulating gloves
Leather overgloves
Electrical Safety Kit bag
2 non contact voltage detectors either the Modiewark Rescue or the GLM Mini Rescue

Answer 123

A

· Put on electrical gloves first.
· Put over-gloves on over the electrical gloves to protect the electrical glove from damage.
· The cuff of the electrical glove must extend beyond the cuff of the over-glove.
· The cuff of the electrical glove must be above the cuffs and sleeves of your PPC

Answer 124

A

Possible terrorist incident
Crime investigation Site
Crowd, traffic and evacuation management
Rescue incidents

Answer 125

A

Identify and liaise with the Emergency Coordinator
While waiting to enter, start developing the IAP by accessing information – eg pre-incident plans, SOGs, and utilities
Where entry to the facility is delayed, nominate a staging area and advise FireCOM to inform responding resources. Remain in the staging area until met by the Emergency Coordinator. Notify FireCOM if entry is delayed. Always remain outside facility on standby if it is unsafe to enter
At the main entry, access the Red Fire Emergency Plan Box containing the FRNSW pre-incident plan, safety data sheets folder, site plans, and Local Emergency Plans (LEPs) and brief crew about the facility
Prepare the appliance and secure equipment before entering the facility. List all equipment to be taken in.

Answer 126

A

Workplace bullying is repeated and unreasonable behaviour directed towards a worker or a group of workers that creates a risk to health and safety”

Answer 127

A

Contribute to the station’s community prevention, risk reduction planning and engagement programs and activities
Attend fire and other emergency incidents providing expert knowledge and assistance commensurate with rank
Contribute to the Station’s operational readiness, including the maintenance of appliances, tools and
equipment
Assist with investigations into the cause of fires
Support the Station Officer in actions to achieve FRNSW’s goals of protecting life, property and other
initiatives under the Plus Plan
Undertake station duties including the completion of records, reports, correspondence and returns to facilitate the general running of the station

Answer 128

A

· Base pump.
· 5 lengths hose to the relay pump
· 7 into next pump/s

Answer 129

A

· Natural: A fire caused without human intervention or action, such as fires resulting form lightning, earthquake, wind and flood.
· Accidental: Fires for which the proven cause does not involve an intentional human act to ignite or spread the fire into an area where a fire should not be.
· Incendiary: A fire that is intentionally ignited in an area where and when there should not be a fire.
· Undetermined: The cause of the fire cannot be proven to an acceptable level of certainty.

Answer 130

A

Escape As a priority, remove yourself and others from close proximity to the offender/s or areas they might reasonably access. Consider removing or leaving cumbersome equipment so you can move quickly. If it is safe to do so, snatch and grab as many casualties as possible when exiting. Do not stop to provide first aid.
Hide If you don’t believe you can safely escape, consider sheltering in place. Mute all communications equipment, including private mobile phones, so as not to give away your hiding place. Do not turn off phones as text messaging may be used to update you on the situation. Constantly re-assess the situation and your options, based on the best available information.
Tell The more information you can pass on to FireCOM or the Police, the better, but never at the risk of your own safety or the safety of others.

Answer 131

A

Establish BA Control as close to the entry/exit point as possible
Check and enter all details on the BA Control Board
Ensure that BA team members are identified by a call sign determined by the incident communications plan
Calculate and monitor entry and exit times
Monitor all radio communications within the sector
When exit time is reached: − Immediately contact the individual wearer or BA team leader. − If unable to contact, notify their Commander. − Activate the RIT immediately when required and notify the IC.
Indicate to exiting BA crews the locations of the BA staging area and Rehabilitation Area.
Provide updates to their Commander as required. A second radio transceiver may be required for communicating on the tactical channel
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extended duration BA (EDBA) is in use. This is indicated by the red tag from the EDBA twin manifold being attached to the wearer’s yellow tally on the board
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when aerial appliance operators are wearing BA
Ensure BA Control Boards clearly show when extension facemasks are in use: − With air trolley BA (ATBA). − On aerial appliances. − With auxiliary facemask from another BA set. − With an extension airline from a standalone BA set.

Answer 132

A

Additional Personal Protection

Answer 133

A

Known low concentrations of inert dust, such as those produced when cutting metal or wood.
Concrete, stone and masonry cutting operations where the work piece can be kept wet
The particles, but not the gases such as CO, in bushfire smoke
Contamination by body fluids.

Answer 134

A

Life at risk phase, where there are savable human lives. The incident is uncontrolled and requires rapid actions to control the risks to lives. A higher level of risk may be acceptable.

Answer 135

A

· enter without undue delay;
· enter with the minimum of structural damage; and
· enter so as to provide access to as much of the building as possible.

Answer 136

A

Environmental Protection Authority – Pollution Incidents.
Roads & Maritime, Transport for NSW – Ports & Waterways Incidents.

Answer 137

A

· to use the principles of ICS and ensure an effective span of control;
· to establish a flow of information at all levels of the incident, without overwhelming the IC or ComCen with superfluous data; and
· to ensure the safety of firefighters by using effective communication.

Answer 138

A

· Specialist advice to the IC relating to hazards, industrial processes and installed fire systems.
· Operation of valves and other industrial processes.
· Fire attack under the control of NSWFB officers.

Answer 139

A

De-escalation is the scaling back of FRNSW involvement at an incident. Both the strategic and tactical levels scale back and delegated functions are handed back to the IC. The IC determines that the incident has been contained and that resources can be released.

Answer 140

A

· Chief warden, Deputy chief warden & Communications officer – White
· Floor warden & Area wardens - Yellow
· Wardens – Red
· First aid officer - White cross on a green background

Answer 141

A

· 1 - Responding to an incident or move-up – should include a clarification when the appliance is travelling under normal road conditions.
· 2 - Call off (sent by FireCOM).
· 3 - On scene at incident or move-up station (state location/address).
· 4 - Available for response.
· 5 - Returned to station
· 6 - Incident in Rural Fire District.
· 7 Unavailable for response – state reason and transmit Code 4 immediately when available.

Answer 142

A

· a fire isolated room with a 2-hour fire rating and separate ventilation
· two exit points, to the front of the building and directly into a fire exit
· Fire Indicator Panel
· Fire Fan Control Panel
· Master Emergency Control Panel
· controls for fire pumps
· Security Alarm and Control Panels
· telephone (direct line outside)
· whiteboard, corkboard and plan table
· Tactical Fire Plans (maps and schematics)

Answer 143

A

· if there is sufficient time and resources available.
· leaked refrigerant gas which may be pocketed behind panels or in ducting
· electrical wiring or refrigerant gas pipes that may be located behind the panels
· the potential to generate sparks that could ignite flammable refrigerant gas or ESP panel cores
· Weakening of the structure when multiple panels are cut.
· An increase in fire activity due to the introduction of air; Have a charged line of hose in place for protection before cutting ISPs. (Additional information contained in GSD Section 5)

Answer 144

A

Seven sides

Answer 145

A

If any defects are noted, advise the NSWFB Fire Safety Division to have the matter investigated.

Answer 146

A

Phosgene - Papa, Hotel, Oscar, Sierra, Golf, Echo, November, Echo.

Answer 147

A

NSW Police will determine which emergency service will send a Rescue unit to rescue incidents

Answer 148

A

· 1. Have the firefighter shower and dress in clean clothing.
· 2. Record the exposure in the Occurrence Book and in the eAIRS report.
· 3. Ensure that Notification of Injury, Illness, Exposure or Near-Miss (NIIENM) form is completed

Answer 149

A

“FOP - Firefighters, Others, Property.”

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