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Computer Science > Software to CPU > Flashcards

Software to CPU Flashcards

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1
Q

Software

A

Controls everything a computer does

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2
Q

2 types of software

A

Application software, system software

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3
Q

System software 

A

Control and manage basic operations of computer

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4
Q

3 types of system software

A

Operating system, utility programs, software development tools

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5
Q

Operating system

A

Controls internal operations of computer’s hardware and manages devices connected to computer

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6
Q

Utility programs

A

perform specialized task that enhances computer’s operation or safeguards data

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7
Q

SDT (what?)

A

programs used to create, modify and test software

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8
Q

Application software and examples

A

Programs people usually spend most of their time running on computers performing everyday tasks (word processing, spreadsheet, database, presentation)

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9
Q

How do computers store data?

A

By converting data to sequences of 0s and 1s

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10
Q

Bytes

A

Computer’s memory is divided into tiny storage locations: bytes

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11
Q

1 byte

A

= 1 number

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12
Q

What is a byte divided into?

A

Smaller storage locations = bits (binary digits)

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13
Q

Bits

A

Tiny electrical component that can hold positive or negative charge

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14
Q

Byte is a unit of ________

A

storage measurement

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15
Q

What is the order of units?

A

byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte

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16
Q

Largest value that can be stored in byte

A

255

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17
Q

What is the maximum value for 2 bytes?

A

65535

18
Q

Characters are stored in memory as binary numbers

A

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

19
Q

What is letter A?

A

65

20
Q

How many numeric codes does ASCII have?

A

128

21
Q

Unicode

A

Extensive encoding scheme, represent characters for many languages in world and compatible with ASCII

22
Q

Digital data

A

Data stored in binary

23
Q

Digital device

A

Any device that works with binary data

24
Q

Digital images

A

Composed of pixels (tiny dots of colour = picture elements)

25
Q

Digital sound

A

Broken into small pieces known as samples

26
Q

A computer’s CPU ______

A

Can only understand instructions written in machine language

27
Q

Why have other programming languages been invented?

A

Because people find it difficult to write entire programs in machine language

28
Q

The CPU

A
  • Most important part
  • Not a brain
  • Not smart
  • Electronic device designed to do specific things
29
Q

What can a CPU do?

A
  • Read a piece of data from main memory (RAM)
  • Adding two numbers
  • Subtracting one number from another number
  • Multiplying two numbers
  • Dividing one number by another number
  • Moving a piece of data from one memory location to another
  • Determining whether one value is equal to another value
30
Q

What is machine language instructions?

A

1s and 0s

31
Q

Instruction set

A

The entire set of instructions a CPU can execute

32
Q

What does each brand of microprocessors have?

A

Intel, AMD and Motorola have their own unique instruction set

33
Q

Assembly language _____

A

Uses short words known as mnemonics

34
Q

What is an assembler used for?

A

Translate assembly language program to a machine language program

35
Q

What is a low-level language?

A

Assembly language

36
Q

High-level languages

A

Allow you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works, using words that are easy to understand

37
Q

High-level language examples

A

Ada, BASIC, Python, C++, Ruby, Visual Basic

38
Q

Source code (or___)

A

Statements written in high-level language

39
Q

Compiler

A

Used to translate source code to machine language

40
Q

Compiler (2)

A

Program that translates high-level language program into a separate machine language program

Computer Science (4 decks)

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