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INFO 1216 > Software & OS > Flashcards

Software & OS Flashcards

1
Q

What code is directly executable by a processor?

A

Machine Code

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2
Q

What code is directly convertible to machine code?

A

Assembly Code

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3
Q

What code has minimal abstraction from the processor?

A

Low-Level Code

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4
Q

What is high level code?

A

Complete abstraction of the processor.

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5
Q

What is firmware?

A

Software embedded in non-volatile memory, such as ROM.

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6
Q

What level of code is firmware typically?

A

Machine Code

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7
Q

What is an example of software for an information worker?

A

Excel, Access, Word, email

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8
Q

What kind of application software are games?

A

Entertainment

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9
Q

What is an example of Educational software?

A

Rosetta Stone

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10
Q

This type of software is used for experiencing flight

A

Simulation

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11
Q

Game development tools are an example of what type of application software?

A

Media Development

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12
Q

What does CAD stand for?

A

Computer-Aided Development

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13
Q

What is an example of product engineering software?

A

AutoCAD

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14
Q

What does IDE stand for?

A

Integrated Development Environment

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15
Q

What are some examples of Programming Tools?

A

Compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers

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16
Q

What is a program or piece of software that is so necessary or desirable that it proves to be the core of some larger technology?

A

Killer App

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17
Q

What was the first Killer App?

A

VisiCalc

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18
Q

What program is needed to convert Assembly Code to Machine Code?

A

Assembler

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19
Q

What are the 3 main OS duties?

A

1) Hardware interface
2) File management
3) Multitasking

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20
Q

What program became the kernel?

A

The Monitor

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21
Q

Which program is always running on the computer?

A

The Kernel

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22
Q

What does the kernel do?

A

Connects the application software to the hardware of a computer.

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23
Q

What is the first program to run when a computer is turned on?

A

Bootstrap program

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24
Q

What signals an event?

A

Interrupt

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25
Q

What are the two most common USES of interrupts?

A

1) I/O

2) Time-sharing/ countdown timer

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26
Q

What are the two TYPES of interrupts?

A

1) Polling

2) Vectored

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27
Q

What type of interrupt requires the OS to figure out which I/O device is ready to be read?

A

Polling

28
Q

What does an interrupt transfer control to?

A

The Kernel

29
Q

What is an Interrupt Vector

A

A table of pointers holding addresses for interrupt service routines

30
Q

How does the OS preserve the state of the CPU during an interrupt?

A

In the registers.

31
Q

What kind of interrupt is triggered by a currently executing instruction?

A

A Trap

32
Q

Dividing by zero is an example of:

A

A Trap Interrupt

33
Q

Time-Sharing is the evolution of:

A

Multiprogramming

34
Q

The OS keeping several programs in memory and switching execution between them is called:

A

Multiprogramming

35
Q

What are the 2 modes of operation with the OS?

A

1) User Mode

2) Kernel Mode

36
Q

What are 3 other ways to say kernel mode?

A

1) Supervisor Mode
2) System Mode
3) Privileged Mode

37
Q

How is the current OS mode (user, kernel) indicated?

A

A bit called the mode. User mode = 1, Kernel mode = 0

38
Q

What mode does the computer start in?

A

Kernel mode

39
Q

When a system call occurs, what happens to the OS mode?

A

Switches from user to kernel

40
Q

In what mode are privileged instructions executed?

A

Kernel mode

41
Q

What kind of instruction is I/O control?

A

Privileged

42
Q

What kind of instruction is Timer Management?

A

Privileged

43
Q

What kind of instruction is Interrupt Management?

A

Privileged

44
Q

What kind of instruction is Reading Processor Status?

A

Non-privileged

45
Q

What kind of instruction is Reading System Time?

A

Non-privileged

46
Q

What kind of instruction is Context Switching?

A

Privileged

47
Q

What kind of instruction is Generating a Trap?

A

Non-privileged

48
Q

What kind of instruction is Sending a Final Printout?

A

Non-privileged

49
Q

What are the 8 services provided by the OS?

A

1) Program Execution
2) I/O Operations
3) File System
4) Communications
5) Resource Allocation
6) Accounting
7) Error detection
8) Security

50
Q

What is a system call?

A

Provides API to services by the OS

51
Q

What are the 6 categories of system calls?

A

1) Process Control
2) File Management
3) Device Management
4) Information Maintenance
5) Communications
6) Protection

52
Q

What is a process?

A

Any instance of a program in execution.

53
Q

What specifies the next instruction to execute in a process?

A

Program Counter

54
Q

Text Section (MEMORY)

A

The executable code

55
Q

Data Section (MEMORY)

A

Global variables

56
Q

Heap Section (MEMORY)

A

Memory that is dynamically allocated during program runtime

57
Q

Stack Section (MEMORY)

A

Local Variables and temporary storage when invoking functions.

58
Q

What is the highest level of memory?

A

Stack

59
Q

What is the lowest level of memory?

A

Text

60
Q

The data section of memory is split up into:

A

Uninitialized and Initialized data

61
Q

What are the three process states?

A

1) Running
2) Ready
3) Blocked

62
Q

What can cause a process to enter a blocked state?

A

An interrupt from an I/O device.

63
Q

What are the 4 sections of memory?

A

1) Text
2) Data
3) Heap
4) Stack

64
Q

What is a thread?

A

A unit of work inside a process

65
Q

What does the OS use to stay organized?

A

Process Control Block (PCB)

66
Q

What is a Process Control Block?

A

A data structure that holds process information such as instruction address, execution stack, resources, etc

INFO 1216 (10 decks)

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