Software Flashcards
Software
Described as the programs and instruction sets used by a computer. Includes operating systems, programs, video games, word processors.
Operating System
The base system which provides services for other computer programs. It is the foundation which all other programs run, and is therefore nearly always the first piece of software installed on the computer.
DOS
Short for ‘Disk Operating System, which is a command-line operating system released in 1981.
UNIX
An operating system developed by Bell Labs in 1969 and was designed to be an OS capable of handling mulitple users and tasks.
Windows
Developed by Microsoft, and the irst edition was released in 1985. It is the most popular OS today with over 85% of the market share.
GUI
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Microsoft brought the GUI to mainstream computing with Windows, so people were able to ee graphical reprsentation of things in an easy understandable manner.
Command Line Syntax
Rule for the commands in a command-line (No GUI) operating system. It is the rules that define how you need to string commands together.
cd
Stands for “Change Directory” this will change the directory from your current directory to the target.
Syntax is: cd/targetdirectory
dir
“Directory”
It will list all of the files in the current directory.
copy
This will copy a file.
Syntax: copy “filename”
del
“Delete” Will delete a ile or files
Syntax is: “filename”
Microsoft Windows
The most opoular OS for PC’s, and has many revisions and editions
Desktop
The Desktop of Windows is what a user sees upon logging on. It features ea Start Menu and a screen onto which icons can be placed, reresenting programs and documents.
Start Button
Bring up a menu which has the submenus for programs, documents, and the control panel.
Menu
Each menu usually has a menu at the top left. These can hold things like File, Edit, or View which in turn leads to options like “Save”, “Open”, or “Exit”.
Shortcuts
Graphical representation of something that is located elsewhere on the computer. Instead pf searching for the program in the list of programs, you simply click on the “shortcut” and the program lauches immediately.
Close/Minimize
The close button is found in the upper right corner of an open program or document window in the Windows operating system, along with two other buttons.
Utility Software
Included in the Operating System, and are designed to improve computer function or repair the operating system.
Disk Defragmenter
Used to defragment program files.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation occurs on a hard drive as the hard drive space is filled. It happens de to files being split onto different sectors of the hard drive due to limited space in the first sector that the file written to.
Disk Cleanup
Used to remove temporary or cache files that are no longer needed on the hard drive.
Disk Scanner
Shows the disk usuage of various programs on the hard drive. Used to analyze number of files in a directory and how much overall disk space is used.
System Restore
Can be used to recover from a virus or computer error. System Restore ues a ‘Save point’ and reverts the computer program and operating system files to an eailer point, which can remove malicious sotware.
MemCheck
A memory debugging program used to check memory access, allocation, and deallocation of memory (RAM) on a computer.