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Pathophys: Unit 2 Exam > SoftChalk HW Questions > Flashcards

SoftChalk HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What 5 components are found in interstitial tissue?

A

Sugar
Electrolytes
Hormones
Gases
Waste products

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2
Q

The osmolality of the body is constant except for the _________________ system, which is a major exception.

A

Gentourinary

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3
Q

Why is the osmolality different in the GU tract?

A

Being impermeable to water allows the nephrons in the GU tract to build up fluid that is more dilute or concentrated than plasma, in order to help regulate the osmolality of the body.

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4
Q

In ________, solutes move from high to low concentrations. In ________, solutes move from low to high concentrations.

A

Diffusion
Osmosis

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5
Q

List 6 signs of fluid deficit.

A
  1. Sunken, soft eyes
  2. Decreased skin turgor
  3. Rapid, weak pulse; hypotension
  4. Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
  5. Increased body temperature
  6. Urine: high specific gravity
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6
Q

List 6 signs of fluid excess.

A
  1. Swelling
  2. Pale, gray, or red skin color
  3. Slow, bounding pulse; HTN
  4. Lethargy
  5. Pulmonary congestion, cough
  6. Urine: low specific gravity
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7
Q

Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with diarrhea.

A

Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypokalemia

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8
Q

Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with prolonged vomiting.

A

Hyponatremia
Hypocholremia

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9
Q

Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with bone cancers.

A

Hypercalcemia

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10
Q

Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with diuretic therapy.

A

Hypernatremia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypokalemia

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11
Q

Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with immobility.

A

Hypercalcemia

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12
Q

The neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is _____________.

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Which electrolyte is critical in muscle contraction?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Which acid-base imbalance may occur during intense exercise?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

Fibromyalgia syndrome is a group of disorders characterized by _______ and stiffness of the muscles, tendons and soft tissue, but not the _______. There is an increase in sensitivity to substance _____ which is involved in _______ sensation.

A

pain
joints
P
pain

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16
Q

Our immovable joints are located in the skull and are called _______.

A

synarthroses

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17
Q

Slightly more moveable joints found between our ribs and sternum are called ___________.

A

amphiarthroses

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18
Q

Our most mobile joints such as our shoulder or knee are called ____________.

A

diarthrosis

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19
Q

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders characterized by ____________ of ___________. _______ are more commonly affected and usually signs appear around the age of ____. Early signs include ________ that spreads from ________ towards __________. The ______________ describes a typical manifestation of the child using hands to climb up the leg and push into an erect position. While no cure is known, treatment goals focus on maintaining as much ________ as possible. As the disease progresses, __________ or __________ failure may eventually occur.

A

degeneration
skeletal muscle
boys
3
motor weakness
lower extremities
upper extremities
Gower maneuver
motor control
respiratory
cardiac

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20
Q

List the three meningeal membranes.

A

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

21
Q

The ____________________ are bone cells responsible for synthesizing collagen and proteins and producing alkaline phosphates and enzyme that makes the bony matrix.

A

osteoblasts

22
Q

Another cell the _______________ is a derivative of monocytes (or macrophages) which are _____________ and are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue.

A

osteoclasts; leukocytes

23
Q

___________________: bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to thin, fragile bones.

A

Osteoporosis

24
Q

___________________: excessive bone destruction occurs with the replacement of bone by fibrous tissue.

A

Paget disease

25
Q

___________________: results from a deficit of vitamin D and phosphate.

A

Osteomalacia

26
Q

___________________: a bone infection causing local and systemic manifestations.

A

Osteomyelitis

27
Q

___________________: treated with weight-bearing exercise, Ca, vitamin D, fluoride, Calcitonin.

A

Osteoporosis

28
Q

___________________: treated with sunlight and Ca and vitamin D supplements.

A

Osteomalacia

29
Q

___________________: treated with antibiotics, surgery, or implanting structural support.

A

Osteomyelitis

30
Q

________________: found in neuromuscular junctions primarily in the PNS.

A

Acetylcholine

31
Q

________________: found in the CNS.

A

Catecholamines

32
Q

________________: released from the adrenal gland but are absorbed into synapses in the CNS.

A

Norepinephrine

33
Q

________________: involved in the regulation of mood, emotions, and sleep.

A

Serotonin

34
Q

________________: regulation of emotions, body temperature, and water balance.

A

Histamine

35
Q

________________: inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord.

A

Glycine

36
Q

________________: inhibitory neuron in the brain

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

37
Q

The CNS consists of _______ and _______.

A

brain, spinal cord

38
Q

________________: body balance and position, coordinated movement.

A

Cerebellum

39
Q

________________: sensory sorting and relay center.

A

Thalamus

40
Q

________________: autonomic nervous system control; link to the endocrine system.

A

Hypothalamus

41
Q

________________: intellectual function and personality, voluntary skilled movement, speech.

A

Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

42
Q

________________: sensations such as touch and pain.

A

Parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex

43
Q

________________: vision portion of the brain.

A

Occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex

44
Q

________________: respiratory, cardiovascular, wallow, vomiting, and cough reflex part of the brainstem.

A

Medulla oblongata

45
Q

________________: thyroid; assists in cellular use of O2 thereby increasing metabolic rate.

A

T3/T4

46
Q

________________: adrenal cortex; released during stress resulting in anti-inflammatory.

A

Cortisol

47
Q

________________: adrenal medulla; released during stress to increase fight or flight response.

A

Epinephrine

48
Q

________________: neurohophysis; released in response to love and as part of lactation and post-partum.

A

Oxytocin

49
Q

________________: releases glucose into your blood.

A

Glucagon

Pathophys: Unit 2 Exam (2 decks)

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