SoftChalk HW Questions Flashcards
What 5 components are found in interstitial tissue?
Sugar
Electrolytes
Hormones
Gases
Waste products
The osmolality of the body is constant except for the _________________ system, which is a major exception.
Gentourinary
Why is the osmolality different in the GU tract?
Being impermeable to water allows the nephrons in the GU tract to build up fluid that is more dilute or concentrated than plasma, in order to help regulate the osmolality of the body.
In ________, solutes move from high to low concentrations. In ________, solutes move from low to high concentrations.
Diffusion
Osmosis
List 6 signs of fluid deficit.
- Sunken, soft eyes
- Decreased skin turgor
- Rapid, weak pulse; hypotension
- Fatigue, weakness, dizziness
- Increased body temperature
- Urine: high specific gravity
List 6 signs of fluid excess.
- Swelling
- Pale, gray, or red skin color
- Slow, bounding pulse; HTN
- Lethargy
- Pulmonary congestion, cough
- Urine: low specific gravity
Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with diarrhea.
Hyponatremia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypokalemia
Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with prolonged vomiting.
Hyponatremia
Hypocholremia
Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with bone cancers.
Hypercalcemia
Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with diuretic therapy.
Hypernatremia
Hypermagnesemia
Hypokalemia
Which possible electrolyte imbalance(s) could develop with immobility.
Hypercalcemia
The neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is _____________.
Acetylcholine
Which electrolyte is critical in muscle contraction?
Calcium
Which acid-base imbalance may occur during intense exercise?
Metabolic acidosis
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a group of disorders characterized by _______ and stiffness of the muscles, tendons and soft tissue, but not the _______. There is an increase in sensitivity to substance _____ which is involved in _______ sensation.
pain
joints
P
pain
Our immovable joints are located in the skull and are called _______.
synarthroses
Slightly more moveable joints found between our ribs and sternum are called ___________.
amphiarthroses
Our most mobile joints such as our shoulder or knee are called ____________.
diarthrosis
Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited disorders characterized by ____________ of ___________. _______ are more commonly affected and usually signs appear around the age of ____. Early signs include ________ that spreads from ________ towards __________. The ______________ describes a typical manifestation of the child using hands to climb up the leg and push into an erect position. While no cure is known, treatment goals focus on maintaining as much ________ as possible. As the disease progresses, __________ or __________ failure may eventually occur.
degeneration
skeletal muscle
boys
3
motor weakness
lower extremities
upper extremities
Gower maneuver
motor control
respiratory
cardiac
List the three meningeal membranes.
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
The ____________________ are bone cells responsible for synthesizing collagen and proteins and producing alkaline phosphates and enzyme that makes the bony matrix.
osteoblasts
Another cell the _______________ is a derivative of monocytes (or macrophages) which are _____________ and are responsible for the resorption of bone tissue.
osteoclasts; leukocytes
___________________: bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to thin, fragile bones.
Osteoporosis
___________________: excessive bone destruction occurs with the replacement of bone by fibrous tissue.
Paget disease
