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Oral pathology > soft tissue masses 2 > Flashcards

soft tissue masses 2 Flashcards

1
Q

granular cell tumor category

A

neoplastic

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2
Q

granular cell tumor etiology

A

benign neoplasm derived from Schwann cells

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3
Q

granular cell tumor demographics

A
  • female predilection
  • rare in children
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4
Q

granular cell tumor clinical presentation

A
  • sessile submucosal nodule
  • pink, sometimes with yellow hue
  • dorsal tongue most common oral site
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5
Q

granular cell tumor diagnosis

A

biopsy

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6
Q

granular cell tumor tx

A

excisional biopsy

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7
Q

lipoma category

A

neoplastic

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8
Q

lipoma etiology

A

benign tumor of fat

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9
Q

lipoma demographics

A

uncommon in children

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10
Q

lipoma clinical presentation

A
  • soft, smooth-surfaced nodule
  • usually yellow, sometimes pink
  • buccal mucosa and buccal vestibule most common oral sites
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11
Q

lipoma diagnosis

A

biopsy

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12
Q

lipoma tx

A

excisional biopsy

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13
Q

hemangioma category

A

neoplastic

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14
Q

hemangioma etiology

A

benign vascular tumor

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15
Q

hemangioma demographics

A

most common tumor of infancy

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16
Q

hemangioma clinical presentation

A
  • bright red to dull blue/purple nodule
  • 60% in head and neck
  • more common in females
  • undergo rapid growth for 6-12 months, then involute
  • 90% resolve by age 9
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17
Q

hemangioma diagnosis

A

biopsy

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18
Q

hemangioma tx

A

varies depending on subtype, location, and size

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19
Q

vascular malformation category

A

developmental

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20
Q

vascular malformation etiology

A

structural anomaly of blood vessels

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21
Q

vascular malformation demographics

A

present at birth but persists (& may become more apparent) throughout life

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22
Q

vascular malformation clinical presentation

A
  • can vary from pink/red macule to blue/purple mass
  • presentation varies based on kind of vasculature involved (capillary, venous, ateriovenous)
  • port wine stains (capillary malformations) common on the face
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23
Q

vascular malformation diagnosis

A
  • aspiration (can confirm vascular origin)
  • imaging (angiogram)
  • biopsy
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24
Q

vascular malformation tx

A

varies depending on subtype, location, and size

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25
Q

vascular lesions do what when compressed with pressure

A

blanch - blood is displaced and lesion returns to normal color

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26
Q

describe a neurofibroma

A
  • benign
  • nerve origin
  • can occur in many parts of the body
  • tongue and buccal mucosa common oral sites
  • treated with excisional biopsy
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27
Q

describe a schwannoma

A
  • benign
  • nerve origin
  • tongue most common oral site
  • treated with excisional biopsy
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28
Q

major salivary gland trends

A
  • the large the gland, the more likely it is to be benign
  • the smaller the gland, the more likely it is to be malignant
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29
Q

minor salivary gland trends

A

almost 50/50 chance of being malignant

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30
Q

where are the common sites for minor salivary gland neoplasms

A
  • hard palate
  • soft palate
  • upper lip
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31
Q

describe pleomorphic adenoma

A
  • benign
  • most common salivary gland neoplasm
  • can recur
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32
Q

describe mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A
  • malignant
  • most common salivary gland malignancy
  • usually low-grade
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33
Q

describe polymorphous adenocarcinoma

A
  • malignant
  • usually low-grade
  • not found in major salivary glands
34
Q

describe adenoid cystic carcinoma

A
  • malignant
  • more aggressive (perineural invasion)
35
Q

salivary gland tumors treatment

A
  • varies depending on benign vs malignant, location, histopathologic grade, and clinical stage
  • local surgical excision, wide surgical excision, superficial parotidectomy, or total gland removal with or without neck dissection
36
Q

leukemia category

A

neoplastic

37
Q

leukemia etiology

A
  • group of malignancies characterized by overproduction of neoplastic white blood cells
  • originates in bone marrow, then spills over into circulating blood and tissues
38
Q

leukemia demographics

A

broad

39
Q

leukemia clinical presentation

A
  • fatigue
  • dyspnea
  • splenomegaly
  • hepatomegaly
  • lymphadenopathy
  • easy bruising and bleeding
  • fever
  • diffuse, boggy, nontender swelling of gingiva, with or without ulceration
40
Q

describe leukemia acute clinical course

A
  • more common in children and young adults
  • proliferation of immature WBC
  • more aggressive clinical course
41
Q

describe leukemia chronic clinical course

A
  • occurs most frequently in middle-aged adults
  • proliferation of mature WBC
  • slowly progressive clinical course
42
Q

describe leukemia histogenesis

A
  • lymphocytic/lymphoblastic
  • myeloid
43
Q

a patient with CLL has what

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

44
Q

leukemia diagnosis

A
  • biopsy
  • bone marrow biopsy
45
Q

leukemia tx

A
  • chemotherapy
  • bone marrow transplant
46
Q

lymphoma category

A

neoplastic

47
Q

lymphoma etiology

A
  • group of malignant tumors of lymph nodes
  • originates in lymph nodes then can become more widely disseminated
48
Q

lymphoma demographics

A

broad range

49
Q

lymphoma clinical presentation

A
  • enlarging, nontender, discrete mass in LN region
  • may have weight loss, fever, night sweats, and pruritus
    ——> most commonly diffuse large B cell lymphoma
  • most common oral sites are buccal vestibule, post. hard palate, and gingiva
50
Q

lymphoma diagnosis

A
  • biopsy
  • imaging
51
Q

lymphoma tx

A

chemotherapy

52
Q

kaposi sarcoma category

A

neoplastic

53
Q

kaposi sarcoma etiology

A
  • vascular malignancy
  • caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
54
Q

kaposi sarcoma demographics

A
  • most commonly seen in patients with AIDS in the US
  • classic form seen in Mediterranean, Eastern Europe, and central equatorial Africa
  • endemic form seen in Africa
  • Iatrogenic form seen in recipients of solid organ transplants
  • 90% in men
55
Q

kaposi sarcoma clinical presentation

A
  • multiple blue-purple macules, plaques, and nodules on the face and oral mucosa
  • predilection for hard palate, gingiva, and tongue
56
Q

kaposi sarcoma diagnosis

A

biopsy

57
Q

kaposi sarcoma tx

A

varies, but usually involves management of underlying AIDS (if applicable) and possibly chemotherapy

58
Q

metastatic tumor category

A

neoplastic

59
Q

metastatic tumor etiology

A

spread of malignancy from another site

60
Q

metastatic tumor demographics

A
  • middle aged and older adults with cancer
  • men (lung, renal, melanoma)
  • women (breast, genital, renal, lung)
61
Q

metastatic tumor clinical presentation

A
  • nodular soft tissue mass resembling hyperplastic or reactive growth
  • more than 50% on the gingiva
  • in 25% of patients, the primary malignancy is not diagnosed at time of oral metastasis presentation
62
Q

metastatic tumor diagnosis

A

biopsy

63
Q

metastatic tumor tx

A
  • management of primary malignancy
64
Q

metastatic tumor prognosis

A

poor

65
Q

thyroid gland enlargement category

A
  • metabolic
  • immune-mediated
  • or neoplastic
66
Q

thyroid gland enlargement etiology

A
  • goiter (most common)
  • thyroid adenoma (benign)
  • thyroid carcinoma (malignant)
  • graves disease*
  • Hashimoto’s thyroiditis*
    *more likely to be symptomatic
67
Q

thyroid gland enlargement clinical presentation

A

mass in the anterior midline of the neck

68
Q

graves disease is aka

A

hyperthyroidism

69
Q

graves disease clinical presentation

A
  • diffuse thyroid enlargement
  • weight loss despite increased appetite
  • tachycardia
  • excessive perspiration
  • warm, smooth skin
  • tremors
  • exophthalmos
70
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis is aka

A

hypothyroidism

71
Q

hashimoto’s thyroiditis clinical presentation

A
  • lethargy
  • dry, course skin
  • swelling of face and extremities
  • huskiness of voice
  • constipation
  • bradycardia
  • hypothermia
72
Q

thyroid gland enlargement diagnosis

A
  • fine needle aspiration (FNA)
  • imaging
  • bloodword
73
Q

thyroid gland enlargement tx

A

varies based on etiology

74
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors category

A

neoplastic

75
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors etiology

A

odontogenic neoplasms
–> peripheral ameloblastoma
–> peripheral calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
–> etc.

76
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors demographics

A

broad

77
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors clinical presentation

A

soft tissue mass of the gingiva

78
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors diagnosis

A

biopsy

79
Q

peripheral odontogenic cysts/tumors tx

A

excisional biopsy

80
Q
A

Oral pathology (7 decks)

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