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PTRS 845 Final > Soft Tissue [Guest Lecture] > Flashcards

Soft Tissue [Guest Lecture] Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the difference between a primary and secondary soft tissue injury

A

Primary: caused by self-infliction, another individual/entitiy, or the environment

Secondary: inflammatory response that results from the primary injury

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2
Q

List the 3 types of Primary Soft tissue injuries

A
  1. Acute
  2. Chronic
  3. Acute on Chronic
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3
Q

List 3 complications that can affect the healing cycle

A
  1. Infection
  2. Compromised circulation
  3. Neuropathy
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4
Q

Phase of Healing: Pain at rest, with motion, and with applied stress; 1-6 days

A

Inflammatory (Acute) Phase

If severe enough can result in mm guarding or loss of function

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5
Q

Phase of Healing: Capillary growth, granulation tissue formation, fibroblast proliferation with collagen synthesis and increased macrophage and mast cell activity; 5-15 days up to 10 weeks

A

Proliferative (Sub-Acute) Phase

The length of this phase is determined by the extent of the injury, the healing capacity of the pt., complications, etc.

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6
Q

Phase of Healing: Conversion of initial healing tissue to scar tissue; lasts up to a year

A

Remodeling (Chronic) Phase

Think pick up stick: The disorder of the cells in scar tissue can contribute to a raised appearance but can be reorganized with soft tissue work

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7
Q

List 4 reasons for soft tissue dysfunction

A
  1. Adaptive shortening: where scar tissue contracts when healing
  2. Loss of tissue extensibility
  3. Decrease gliding of adjacent tissue
  4. Adhesions (think sticky cobwebs under the skin)
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8
Q

Describe the effects of soft tissue dysfunction

A

Can lead to hypermobility, muscle imbalance, altered ROM, and neural tension

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9
Q

List the absolute contraindications to soft tissue mobilization

A
  1. Skin hypersensitivity
  2. Active malignancy
  3. Open wound
  4. Non-union fx
  5. Thrombophlebitis
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10
Q

List the precautions to soft tissue mobilization

A
  1. Acute RA/RA
  2. Anticoagulant therapy
  3. Mental disturbances
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11
Q

List the 6 Principles of Soft Tissue Tx

A
  1. Pt must be RELAXED
  2. Tell the pt. what to expect
  3. Use in combination for increased effectiveness
  4. Consider active participation from the pt.
  5. Compliment tx with HEP
  6. ASSESS AND REASSESS
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12
Q

Describe the guidelines for soft tissue mobilization in the acute stage

A

Use shortening/broadening techniques with active or passive pumping

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13
Q

Describe the guidelines for soft tissue mobilization in the subacute stage

A

use shortening/broadening techniques, beging lengthening just short of resistance, pumping with increased vigor

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14
Q

Describe the guidelines for soft tissue mobilization in the remodeling stage

A

use muscle stretching, increase mobility to full range

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15
Q

Describe Hoffa Massage

A

Light/superficial strokes performed in the direction of the mm fibers used to familiarize a pt. with the technique before moving to more vigorous soft tissue work

Goal: increase blood flow and relaxation

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16
Q

Decribe the 4 types of massage strokes

A
  1. Effleurage/stroking – superfiical
  2. Pettrisage/kneading – deep
  3. Percussion - good for loosening mucus
  4. Vibration – often used with percussion
17
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Assess skin movement around a focal point
  • Assess quality of movement and end feel
  • Good at finding a site of adhesion with scarring
  • Can lengthen or broaden
A

Skin Gliding

18
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Uses 2-3 fingers or knuckles
  • Increase mm/skin mobility
  • Uses counterstain while stroking in the direction of restriction
  • Is a form or myofascial stroking
A

J Stroke

19
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Effective over bony prominences
  • Moves tissue superior/inferior and medial/lateral
  • Restricted areas look like an orange peel
  • Lengthens and broadens
A

Skin Rolling

20
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Can use thumb, finger, elbow, knuckle
  • Performed on mm belly, where 2 mm meet
  • Moderate/Deep pressure parallel to fibers
  • Petrissage technique
  • Lengthens and reduces tension
A

Longitudinal Stroking

21
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Bring inflammation to area to promote healing/promote proper collagen formation
  • Breaks down adhesion and decreases pain
  • Movement is perpendicular, typically over tendons
  • Broadens DOES NOT lengthen
A

Transverse Friction Massage or Cross Friction Massage

22
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Evaluates mm mobility in relationship to surrounding structures
  • Broadens and lengthens
A

Muscle Bending

23
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Tx a hyperactive spot within a taut mm/fascia by providing ischemic pressure to release mm spasm
  • Reproduces pain
A

Trigger Point Release

Goal is to releax/release twitch, increase blood flow, and stretch

Held for 1-5 min/point

24
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Tx areas of tethered tissue that result in adaptive shortening and mm weakness
  • Decreases fascial restriction and improves healing (including emotionally)
A

Myofascial Release

25
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Series of pulses that ebb and flow
  • Imbalance in pulses leads to dysfunction
  • Fluctuations are caused by changes in CSF flow/pressure
  • Uses rhytmic oscillation to promote relaxation
A

Craniosacral Therapy

26
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Uses diagonal patters with rotational components
  • Stronger mm facilitate weaker mm
  • Can be used isometrically or throughout range
A

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)

27
Q

Type of Movement Therapy:

  • Movement abnormalities develop with age, trauma, and posture
  • Guided movement can break habitual patterns and move the pt. to a pain free position
  • Uses circular movements
A

Feldenkrais

28
Q

Type of Movement Therapy:

  • Improve posture and body mechanics through conscious learning
  • 3 steps: awareness, inhibition, conscious control of habit (integrating a new functional one)
A

Alexander

29
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization:

  • Indirect
  • Good for acute/irritable
  • Move to position of comfort or slack and hold for long duration
A

Strain-counterstrain

30
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization: Based on strain-counterstrain, but positional release utilizes a facilitating force/compression to enhance the effect of the position

A

Positional Release

31
Q

Type of Soft Tissue Mobilization: PT applies over adhesions in the tissue and the pt. is asked to actively move the body part to elongate the mm from a shortened position

A

Active Release Technique

PTRS 845 Final (11 decks)

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