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Block 4 > Soft Tissue and Bone Infections > Flashcards

Soft Tissue and Bone Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 things make up soft tissue?

A

Skin

Connective tissues

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2
Q

Define impetigo

Which bacteria?

A

Skin infection of the epidermis

Staphylococcal

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3
Q

Define erysipelas

Which bacteria?

A

Skin infection of the epidermis

Streptococcal

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4
Q

Define cellulitis

Which bacteria?

A

Skin infection of the dermis +/- subcutaneous fat

Staphylococcal or streptococcal

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5
Q

Define furuncle

Which bacteria?

A

Deep infection of a hair follicle

Staphylococcal

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6
Q

Define carbuncle

Which bacteria?

A

Connective collection of furuncles

Staphylococcal

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7
Q

Define necrotising fasciitis

Which bacteria?

A

Deep infection of the fascia +/- muscle

Streptococcal or mixed

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8
Q

Name some viruses that can infect the skin

A

Viral warts

Herpes

Viral exanthems (chickenpox, shingles, measles)

Molluscum contagiosum

Smallpox

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9
Q

What organism causes athlete’s foot?

A

Tinea pedis fungus

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10
Q

What are coagulase-negative Staphylococci?

A

Staph species that are not staph aureus

Lack an enzyme called coagulase and therefore less aggressive to humans

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11
Q

List the 8 steps of bacterial pathogenesis in SSTIs

A

Access

Adherence

Invasion

Multiplication

Evasion

Resistance

Damage

Transmission

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12
Q

What 6 things should be used to describe a skin lesion or rash?

A

Shape

Size

Edge

Colour

Surface

Distribution

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13
Q

How could you tell if someone was infected with a superficial streptococcal?

What infection is this likely to be?

A

The lesion would be red and well demarcated (obvious border)

Erysipelas

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14
Q

What is cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

Parasitic skin infection

Raised wound edge

South America

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15
Q

Name the drug that can be administered in viral skin infections

A

Aciclovir

chicken pox, herpes, shingles

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16
Q

What is often the first line treatment in MRSA?

A

Flucloxacillin

17
Q

What can be given to treat impetigo

A

Topical fuscidin

18
Q

What is first line treatment for Streptococcus infections?

A

Penicillin

e.g. benpen.

19
Q

What is terbinafine used for?

A

Topical fungal infections

Can be PO if needed

20
Q

Define osteomyelitis

A

Infection of bone

21
Q

Define septic arthritis

A

Infection of joints

22
Q

Define prosthetic joint infection

A

Infection of an artificial joint replacement

23
Q

Which microbe is most likely to be responsible for a bone infection?

2nd most likely?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococci (B-haemolytic, strep. pneumoniae

24
Q

List some risk factors for developing a joint or soft tissue infection

A

Trauma

Medical procedures

Skin ulcers

IV devices, IVDU (haematogenous dissemination)

Immunosuppression - diabetes, renal failure, sickle cell disease

25
Q

What is a sequestrum?

A

A part of bone that becomes necrotic due to infection

26
Q

What is an involucrum?

A

New bone formation outside the sequestrum

27
Q

What is the name for a hole in the involucrum that allows pus from the sequestrum to leave the site of infection?

A

Cloacae

28
Q

Why can it be hard for Abx and the immune system to penetrate a bone infection?

A

Because the bacteria sits in an organic matrix across a surface - causes a biofilm

29
Q

What causes a discharging sinus? How would it present?

A

Infection and pus from cloacae causes skin necrosis

30
Q

How might a patient with osteomyelitis present?

A

Pain

Redness

Swelling

Warmth

Loss of function

Fever

Pathological fractures

Discharging sinuses

31
Q

How might a patient with septic arthritis present?

A

Pain

Redness

Swelling

Warmth

Loss of function

Fever

Damage to articular surfaces

32
Q

What empirical antibiotics would be given for bone infections?

Which bacteria are they best at treating?

A

IV flucloxacillin
Staphylococcal

IV benzylpenicillin
Streptococcal

Block 4 (11 decks)

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