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DT1 Exam 2 > Soft Tissue > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

soft tissue principles

A

benign outnumber malignant
met to lungs, liver, bone
lower ext (thigh)

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2
Q

etiology soft tissue tumors

A 
radiation
trauma-angiosarcoma from mastectomy
herpes 8-kaposi
chemical exposure
thermal burns
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3
Q

neurofibromatosis type 1

A

malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

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4
Q

garner syndrome

A

fibromatosis (desmoid)

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5
Q

Li Fraumeni syndrome

A

soft tissue sarcoma and other malignancies

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6
Q

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease

A

telangiectasias over skin and mucosal surfaces

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7
Q

Ewing sarcoma genetic

A

t(11;22)

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8
Q

liposarcoma-myxoid and round cell genetic

A

t(12;16)

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9
Q

synovial sarcoma genetic

A

t(x;18)

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10
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma-alveolar genetic

A

t(2;13)

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11
Q

extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma genetic

A

t(9;22)

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12
Q

soft tissue in children

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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13
Q

soft tissue in young adults

A

synovial sarcoma

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14
Q

soft tissue in adults

A

undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (malignant fibrous histiocytoma) and liposarcoma

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15
Q

best predictor of prognosis

A

stage

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16
Q

spindle cell

A

fibrous
schwann
fibrohistocytic
smooth muscl

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17
Q

small round blue cell

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

PNET/Ewings

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18
Q

epithelioid

A

epithelioid sarcoma

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19
Q

matrix producing

A

extraskeletal osteosarcoma

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20
Q

biphasic-spindle and epithelial

A

biphasic synovial sarcoma

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21
Q

fasicles of spindle cells

A

smooth muscle

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22
Q

short fasicles in pin-wheel

A

fibrohistiocytic

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23
Q

nuclei in columns (palisading)

A

schwann

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24
Q

herringbone

A

fibrosarcoma

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25
Q

most common adult soft tissue tumor

A

lipoma

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26
Q

most common location lipoma

A

subcutaneous trunk and proximal extremities

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27
Q

lipoma

A

soft, mobile
painless except angiolipoma
lobules of mature fat

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28
Q

fibrolipoma

A

fibrous area

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29
Q

angiolipoma

A

small vessels

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30
Q

spindle cell lipoma

A

spindle cell areas

31
Q

intramuscular lipoma

A

lipoma within muscle

32
Q

liposarcoma

A

proximal extremities and retroperitoneum

33
Q

well diff liposarcoma

A

retroperitoneal

34
Q

most common type of liposarcoma

A

well diff

35
Q

genetic liposarcoma

A

MDM2 amplification-inhibits p53

36
Q

lipoblast

A

cytoplasmic vacuoles scallop nucleus

37
Q

myxoid liposarcoma genetic

A

t(12;16) FUS-DDIT3

38
Q

myxoid liposarcoma histology

A

chicken wire
rare lipoblast
intramuscular-thigh

39
Q

aggressive liposarcoma

A

pleomorphic

40
Q

histology dedifferentiated

A

separate fat

41
Q

benign reactive proliferations

A

nodular fasciitis

myositis ossificans

42
Q

fibromatoses

A

deep fibromatosis

superficial fibromatosis

43
Q

common site of nodular fasciitis

A

volvar forearm

44
Q

nodular fasciitis

A

rapidly growing-10% history of trauma
deep dermis, subq, or muscle
reactive process
spindle cell prolif of fibroblasts

45
Q

myositis/panniculitis ossificans

A

athletic adolescents
50% trauma
fibroblastic but later develops bone and ends as trabecular bone with marrow

46
Q

superficial fibromatosis

A

palmer
plantar
penile
poorly defined fasicles of fibroblasts and abundant collagen

47
Q

desmoid tumor (deep-seated fibromatosis)

A

extra abdominal
abdominal
intra-abdominal

48
Q

palmer fibromatosis (Dupuytren)

A

nodular thickening of palmer fascia
puckers skin and digit flexion contraction (4th and 5th)
50% bilateral

49
Q

peyronie’s disease

A

induration or mass on dorsolateral penis
can cause abnormal curvature of penis
can constrict urethra

50
Q

genetic desmoid tumors

A

mutations in APC or B catenin

seen in teens-thirties

51
Q

abdominal desmoid tumors

A

anterior abdominal wall

women during of after pregnancy

52
Q

intra-abdominal desmoid

A

mesentery and pelvic walls

associated with Gardner syndrome

53
Q

common location fibrosarcoma

A

deep extremities

54
Q

fibrosarcoma characteristics

A

fish-flesh with hemorrhage and necrosis

spindle cells in herringbone

55
Q

skeletal muscle tumors

A

rhabdomyoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
rhabdomyosarcoma–embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic

56
Q

most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

57
Q

location of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

head/neck (nasal cavity, orbit, middle ear)

GU tract

58
Q

most common rhabdomyosarcoma

A

embryonal

59
Q

sarcoma botryoides

A

kind of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
in walls of hollow viscera and mucosal lined surfaces
cambium layer-submucosal hypercellular area
best prognosis
cluster of grapes into lumen

60
Q

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

A

mimic skeletal muscle embryogenesis

round and spindle cells

61
Q

rhabdomyoblast

A

eccentric eosinophilic cytoplasm with thick and thin filaments
tadpole cells and strap cells

62
Q

myogenic markers

A

myod1, myogenin, desmin

seen in rhabdomyoblasts and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

63
Q

genetic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

A

t(2;13) or t(1;13)

PAX3 or PAX7 to FOXO1

64
Q

characteristics of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

A

deep muscles of extremities
early to mid adolescence
fibrous septa divide tumor into alveolar like spaces containing discohesive cells
poor prognosis

65
Q

pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma

A

deep soft tissue of adults
rhabdomyoblasts
often mistaken for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma
desmin, myoD1 and myogenin positive

66
Q

most common leiomyoma location

A

uterus

67
Q

leoimyoma

A

benign smooth muscle tumor
skin-erector pili, nipples, scrotum, labia
adolescent and early adults
bland smooth muscle cells in fascicles

68
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A 
F>M
skin, deep extremities and retroperitoneum
white masses
malignant spindle cells
smooth muscle actin and desmin
negative for MyoD1 and myogenin
69
Q

synovial sarcoma

A

20-40s
deep and around large joints (mostly knee/thigh)
microcalcifications on xray

70
Q

genetic synovial sarcoma

A

SYT-SSX1 from t(x;18)

71
Q

biphasic synovial sarcoma

A

epithelial cells as glands, cords, or nests

spindle cells-cellular in fascicles

72
Q

monophasic (spindle cell) variant synovial sarcoma

A

positive for cytokeratins (epithelial marker) and epithelail membrane antigen (EMA)

73
Q

undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

A

cell pleomorphism and storiform pattern
proximal extremities and retroperitoneum
large grey hemorrhagic and/or necrotic
metastasis 30-50%

74
Q

vimentin

A

nonepithelial tumors

DT1 Exam 2 (6 decks)

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