Soft Tissue

Question 1

Where does the Menisci distribute load from the covex femoral condyles to?

Answer 1

Relatively flat tibial articular surfaces

Question 2

Is the medial meniscus fixed or mobile?

Answer 2

Fixed

Question 3

Is the lateral meniscus fixed or mobile?

Answer 3

Mobile

Question 4

What happens in regards to the tibia during knee pivoting?

Answer 4

Internally rotates on flexion and externally rotates on extension

Question 5

What ligament resists valgus stress?

Answer 5

Medial collateral ligament

Question 6

What ligament resists varus stress?

Answer 6

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 7

What does the anterior cruciate ligament resist against?

Answer 7

Anterior subluxation of the tibia and internal rotation of the tibia in extension

Question 8

What does the posterior ligament resist against?

Answer 8

Posterior subluxation of the tibia i.e. anterior subluxation of the femur and hyperextension of the knee

Question 9

What resists against external rotation of the tinia in flexion?

Answer 9

The posterolateral corner - The PCL and the LCL with popliteus and other small ligaments

Question 10

What miniscal tears can occur in the over 40’s?

Answer 10

Atraumatic spontaneous degenerative tears

Question 11

What meniscal tears wont heal?

Answer 11

Radial tears

Question 12

When would you consider arthroscopic repair?

Answer 12

in acute peripheral tears in younger patient

Question 13

When would a patient have 15 degree springy block to extension?

Answer 13

Displaced bucket handle tear

Question 14

What may develop if the knee remains locked?

Answer 14

FFD

Question 15

What may a degenerative tear represent?

Answer 15

1st stage OA

Question 16

What is a grade 1 knee ligament injury?

Answer 16

Sprain, tear some fibres but macroscopic structure intact

Question 17

What is a grade 2 knee ligament injury?

Answer 17

Partial tear, some fascicles disrupted

Question 18

What is a grade 3 knee ligament injury?

Answer 18

Complete tear

Question 19

What are the options to treat a ruptures ACL?

Answer 19

Autograph - patellar tendon or hamstrings
Allograph - Achilles
Synthetic graft
Stick ACL to PCL

Question 20

How long does rehab take for ACL reconstruction?

Answer 20

3 months to a year

Question 21

What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?

Answer 21

An area of knee that loses its blood supply and cartilage, bone can fragment off

Question 22

What are the options for cartilage regeneration techniques?

Answer 22

Drilling/microfracture
Osteochondral autograph or allograft
Mosaicplasty
MACI - membrane induced autologous chondrocyte implantation