Soft Tissue Flashcards
what is soft tissue
tissue that is not calcified
typically connects, supports or surrounds bone/internal organs
common use of cross friction massage
sub-acute and chronic inflammatory MSK conditions
lateral epicondylitis, patellar tendonitis, ITB syndrome
purpose of soft tissue
connect/support vital structures
restrain movement
induce movement
what mechanisms are involved in manual therapy
biomechanical
neurophysiological
- psychological
–> used to only be biomechanical
what are the neurophysiological effects of manual therapy
activation of peripheral nervous system via touch
modulate pain and pain- related brain circuitry in CNS
indications of soft tissue therapy
pain
poor tissue health
muscle inhibition
muscle guarding/tension
reduced blood flow
impaired skin mobility
contraindications for soft tissue therapy
thrombus/DVT
varicose veins
atherosclerosis
HF
cancer / tumor
open wound
dermatitis
fracture
inflammation
sequence of traditional soft tissue massage
light effleurage
effleurage
petrissage
effleurage
light effleurage
what is an important consideration of soft tissue massage
continuous contact with the pt is necessary
types of functional massage
mobilization
passive pump
active contraction
define mobilization functional massage
applying pressure, releasing pressure to the identified nodule or guarded muscle
define passive pump functional massage
apply pressure with muscle in shortened position then lengthen the muscle
–> slowly reducing pressure through ROM
define active contraction functional massage
applying pressure with muscle in lengthened position
have patient contract the muscle
slowly reduce pressure through range
purpose of cross friction massage
promotion of:
hyperemia
analgesia
tissue extensibility
technique of cross friction massage
applied over musculotendinous junction
press through tension of skin
force should be perpendicular to line of the fibers
explain scar tissue massage technique
similar to cross friction
– perpendicular shearing force to the skin and subcutaneous tissue
goal of scar massage
break up adhesions
redirect correct scar alignment
desensitize / re-sensitize
what is scar massage commonly used with
compression
chemical compounds
use of IASTM
what are muscle energy techniques commonly used for
MSK conditions that result in muscle guarding or reduced muscle length
- upper/lower cross syndrome
types of muscle energy techniques
autogenic / reciprocal inhibition
purpose of muscle energy techniques
lengthen a shortened muscle
mobilize and area with restricted area
strengthen physiologically weakened muscle
reduce localized edema
autogenic inhibition technique
focuses on agonist muscle
GTO activation relaxes the muscle being stretched
reciprocal inhibition techniques
focused on the antagonist
muscle spindle activation causing contraction of agonist and relaxation of antagonist
forms of autogenic inhibition
post-isometric relaxation
post-facilitation stretch
goal of post-isometric relaxation
reduce hypertonicity
technique of post-isometric relaxation
take up slack to point of resistance
hold isometric contraction 5-10 sec
patient relaxes and slack of muscle is taken up (further into stretch)
repeat 2-3x
goal of post-facilitation stretch
reduce hypertonicity
technique of post-facilitation stretch
shortened muscle placed between fully relaxed and stretched states
maximal contraction of muscle against PT’s force (5-10sec)
relax as PT provides quick, static stretch to new barrier (10 sec)
patient relaxes for 20 seconds and then the process is repeated 3-5 times
technique of reciprocal inhibition
place targeted muscle in mid-range position
hold isometric contraction of opposite muscle
relax muscle and slack is taken up
repeat process 3-5x
what does IASTM stand for?
instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization
goal of IASTM
using instruments to remove scar tissue from injured soft tissue
facilitate healing process through formation of new extracellular matrix proteins
intent of trigger point dry needling
treatment of myofascial pain by addressing trigger points
how did dry needling come about
injection of medications for pain relief were found to have a desired pain response without medication being administered
started to use it instead of actual needles
techniques of dry needling
pistoning = back and forth
twisting = what it sounds like
ESTIM = needling with ESTIM
proposed mechanism of kinesiology tape
decompression
neurosensory input
