Phono/Iontophoresis Flashcards
passive routes of phono/iontophoresis
transcellular
intercellular
how does transmission of medication occur in phono/ionto
transappendageal
passive route
which route of transmission does phonophoresis primarily use
intercellular
what process spreads medication deeper into tissue in phonophoresis
compression / refraction
which mediums allow for US transmission
water based mediums
@ 1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2
explain different frequencies associated with phonophoresis
1 MHz = optimal transmission
3 MHZ = less transmission available
duration for phonophoresis treatment
10-15 min
explain the value score and delivery of medication via phonophoresis
> 10 = enhanced delivery
1-10 = minimal enhancement
<1 = inhibits delivery
depth of skin effects for phonophoresis
subcutaneous effects
route of iontophoresis transmission
transappendageal
polarity effect
like charges repel each other
cathode
- charge
- action
negative
pushes anions away
anode
- charge
- activity
positive
pushes cations away
low current iontophoresis patches
voltage dependent - go until medication is administered
- timing of iontophoresis depends upon patient’s skin resistance
high current iontophoresis patches
AKA conventional
current dependent
explain how time is set for high current iontophoresis machines
current (amps) x time (min) = voltage (dosage)
normal dosage is 40 minuteamps
if current is 2 amps, 20 min
if current is 4 amps, 10 min
electrochemical changes found at
- anode
- cathode
anode = acidic reaction
cathode = alkaline reaction
explain role of a buffer layer between skin and iontophoresis patch
decreases risk for burns on skin
explain dexamethasone and dexamethasone-phosphate
dexamethasone is not charged, a phosphate is added and turned negative
depth of penetration for conventional high volt iontophoresis treatments
2 mm
role of competing ions
if there are negative valence ions present in skin
polarity effect will push those away and not medication molecules into skin
explain cutaneous temperature changes between low/high current
high = more delivery to blood, but greater hyperemic response –> medication will not remain in localized area
low = provide better delivery for localized medications
administration of greater dosages of medication from iontophoresis
greater pH changes/higher risk of skin breakdown
documentation for ionto/phono
location - skin condition
duration
phono
– w/cm2
– medication used
ionto
current (mAmp)
dosage (mAmp-min)
medication used
