Sodium Regulation

Question 0

Why is it important to replace sodium slowly and cautiously? (1)

Answer 0

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 1

What is the cause for release of ADH? (2)

Answer 1

Increased plasma osmolality is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, causing thirst and ADH release.
Causing water reabsorption from the renal collecting ducts.

Also hypovolaemia, stress (surgery or trauma) and nausea.

Question 2

What is central pontine demyelinolysis? (2)

Answer 2

Severe neurological syndrome caused by demyelination of the pons mainly, but can also include, basal ganglia, internal capsule, lateral geniculate body and cerebral cortex.
Diagnose on MRI.
Quadriparesis, respiratory arrest, pseudobulbar palsy, mutism, rarely fits.