SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE Flashcards
Where is ADH released from?
Posterior Pituitary
ADH makes you pee more/less?
Less
How does ADH work?
Causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidneys
What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is increased?
Less volume of more concentrated urine
What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is decreased?
More volume, Less concentrated
Concentrated urine has high/low osmolarity?
High
Dilute urine has high/low osmolarity?
Low
Sodium balance is controlled by ______ (from adrenals)
Steroids
What steroid is mainly involved in mineralocorticoid activity
Aldosterone
Too much steroid activity means sodium …
Gain
What is the medical term for low sodium?
Hyponatraemia
What are the two components of extracellular fluid?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
True/ false
Water can travel in all body compartments?
True
True/ false
Sodium can travel in all body compartments?
False
Confined to ECF
Water follows sodium by _____
Osmosis
If there is too much fluid in the ECF compartment your kidneys do what?
Excrete sodium so you lose water wit it
What would you give if there is too much sodium?
Remove sodium (add more water)
What would you do if there is too little sodium?
Give saline
What would you give if there is too much water?
Give water (as dextrose)
What is the condition where you have too much ADH?
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
What happens when you have SIADH?
The body conserves sodium
List symptoms of SIADH?
Hypovolaemia/ Hypotension
Pain
Nausea/ Vomiting
What does the clinical sign of oedema signify?
Circulating volume depletion
What does a patient with oedema have too much of?
Water and sodium
How do you treat oedema?
Loop diuretics (make you pee)
In Addison’s disease you have reduced cortisol levels. How does this affect sodium and water balance?
Don’t have mineralocorticoid activity so kidneys can’t retain sodium. Pee sodium out so have TOO LITTLE SODIUM.
How does Diabetes Insipidus effect ADH secretion?
Causes DECREASED SECRETION from posterior pituitary
If you have diabetes insipidus what happens to your pee?
You pee loads of dilute urine
What happens to your sodium in diabetes insipidus?
High as you have low water
What do you give in patients with diabetes insipidus?
Decompression (to replace ADH)
