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ENDOCRINE RANDOM > SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE > Flashcards

SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE Flashcards

1
Q

Where is ADH released from?

A

Posterior Pituitary

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2
Q

ADH makes you pee more/less?

A

Less

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3
Q

How does ADH work?

A

Causes water to be reabsorbed by the kidneys

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4
Q

What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is increased?

A

Less volume of more concentrated urine

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5
Q

What happens to the concentration and volume of urine if ADH is decreased?

A

More volume, Less concentrated

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6
Q

Concentrated urine has high/low osmolarity?

A

High

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7
Q

Dilute urine has high/low osmolarity?

A

Low

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8
Q

Sodium balance is controlled by ______ (from adrenals)

A

Steroids

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9
Q

What steroid is mainly involved in mineralocorticoid activity

A

Aldosterone

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10
Q

Too much steroid activity means sodium …

A

Gain

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11
Q

What is the medical term for low sodium?

A

Hyponatraemia

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12
Q

What are the two components of extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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13
Q

True/ false

Water can travel in all body compartments?

A

True

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14
Q

True/ false

Sodium can travel in all body compartments?

A

False

Confined to ECF

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15
Q

Water follows sodium by _____

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

If there is too much fluid in the ECF compartment your kidneys do what?

A

Excrete sodium so you lose water wit it

17
Q

What would you give if there is too much sodium?

A

Remove sodium (add more water)

18
Q

What would you do if there is too little sodium?

A

Give saline

19
Q

What would you give if there is too much water?

A

Give water (as dextrose)

20
Q

What is the condition where you have too much ADH?

A

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

21
Q

What happens when you have SIADH?

A

The body conserves sodium

22
Q

List symptoms of SIADH?

A

Hypovolaemia/ Hypotension
Pain
Nausea/ Vomiting

23
Q

What does the clinical sign of oedema signify?

A

Circulating volume depletion

24
Q

What does a patient with oedema have too much of?

A

Water and sodium

25
Q

How do you treat oedema?

A

Loop diuretics (make you pee)

26
Q

In Addison’s disease you have reduced cortisol levels. How does this affect sodium and water balance?

A

Don’t have mineralocorticoid activity so kidneys can’t retain sodium. Pee sodium out so have TOO LITTLE SODIUM.

27
Q

How does Diabetes Insipidus effect ADH secretion?

A

Causes DECREASED SECRETION from posterior pituitary

28
Q

If you have diabetes insipidus what happens to your pee?

A

You pee loads of dilute urine

29
Q

What happens to your sodium in diabetes insipidus?

A

High as you have low water

30
Q

What do you give in patients with diabetes insipidus?

A

Decompression (to replace ADH)

ENDOCRINE RANDOM (9 decks)

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