Sodium Flashcards
Most abundant in ECF
Sodium
Major Extracellular Cation
Sodium
Sodium is regulated by
active transport of K, Na ATPase ion pump
K,Na ATPase ion pump process involves movement of
PISO
3 Sodium out; 2 Potassium In
Plasma concentration is dependent in
Renal regulation
Major contributor in Plasma osmolality
Sodium
During intake of water in response to thirst what happens in plasma osmolality
Increased Na level = Increased Plasma osmolality
During intake of water in response to thirst what happens in plasma osmolality
Increased Na level = Increased Plasma osmolality
What happens when there is an excretion of Na affected by AVP
During water loss, plasma volume decreases = increased sodium level in plasma
AVP will then REABSORBED H20 to normalize sodium plasma concentration
The plasma volume level determines
how much sodium is reabsorbed/retained/excreted by kidneys
Responsible for REABSORPTION OF SODIUM
Aldosterone
Increased excretion of Aldosterone is made by
Angiotensin II
Increased EXCRETION OF SODIUM is made by
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
Plasma sodium level is dependent in
Homeostasis
For volume and movement of fluid
Sodium
Myocardial rhythm and movement
Potassium
the test usually combined with Sodium (ER REQUEST)
Potassium
Treatment for low K and Na
Purple NSS w/ K and Na
Reference value for Na
135-145 mmol/L
CSF value of Na
136-150 mmol/L
> 160 mmol/L
Hypernatremia
< 120 mmol/L
Hyponatremia
Causes of Hyponatremia ( Increase Sodium Loss )
- Hypoaldrenalism (dec aldosterone)
- Ketonuria
- Potassium Deficiency
- Salt-losing nephropathy
- Prolonged diarrhea and vomiting
- Dieuretic use (Thiazide)
Causes of Hyponatremia ( Inc. Water retention )
- Renal failure (Diluted Na)
- Nephrotic syndrome (Dec COP-PV, Inc AVP)
- CHF, Hepatic Cirrhosis
Causes of Hyponatremia: (Water Imbalance)
- SIADH ( Inc AVP, Inc Water Retention)
- Pseudohyponatremia
Low osmolality characteristics
Increased Sodium Loss
Increased water retention
Dilute Na
Normal osmolality conditions are observed in
Increased in non-sodium cation
lithium excess
Increased gamma globulin
Severe hyperkalemia
Severe hypermagnesemia
Severe hypercalcemia
Pseudohyponatremia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperproteinemia
High osmolality characteristics
other solute concentration is too high
High osmolality is observed in
Hyperglycemia
Mannitol infusion
Causes of Hypernatremia (Sodium loss)
Diabetes insipidus ( DEC AVP)
Renal tubular disorder (dec urine concentration)
prolonged diarrhea
Severe burns
Sweat
Causes of Hypernatremia (Dec water intake)
Old/Infant/Mental retardation
Causes of Hyponatremia (Inc water intake; Water retention)
Cushing Syndrome (Inc Na reabsorption)
Hyperaldrenalism (DEC AVP)
Hypertonic Salt solution
Serum top
red top
Plasma top
Green top (Lithium/Ammonium heparin, Lithium oxalate
