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2ND SEM-MIDTERM > SOCSCI3-part1 and part 4 > Flashcards

SOCSCI3-part1 and part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

________ make us see ourselves as part of what we refer to as the “global age”

A

Globalization

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2
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The mass media allowed for further connections of people, communities, and countries all over the globe

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Encompasses a multitude of processes that involve the economy, political systems, and culture

A

Globalization:

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Social Structures, therefore, are directly affected by globalization

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Connotations pertaining to progress, development, and integration

A

Globalization:

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6
Q

“The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer”(Larsson, 2001)

A

Globalization:

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7
Q

__________ as occurring through and with regression, colonialism, and destabilization

A

Globalization:

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of globalization trend

A
  1. Internationalizing of production
  2. The new international division of labor
  3. New migratory movements from South to North
  4. The new competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and
  5. The internationalizing of the state.
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9
Q

Globalization deals with:

A
  1. Economic
  2. Political
  3. Social
  4. Cultural Dimensions
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10
Q

________: Spread of world practice, relations, consciousness, and organization of social life.

A

Globalization

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11
Q

_______: The increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political and cultural change.

A

Globalization

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12
Q

It was his theory about development internal to social theory, a reaction to modernization theory that is:
1. Western Bias
2. Pre-eminence accord to west
3. The rest of the world increasingly becoming like west

A

Robinson

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13
Q

he talks about social theory: globalism and globality

A
  1. Ulrich Beck
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14
Q

_________ world dominated by economics
Hegemony of capitalist world-market and neo-liberal ideology underpins it
Wrong to assume global developments reduces to single economic dimension.

A

Globalism:

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15
Q

_______ Nothing is any longer limited to local. Local incidents affect entire world
it is associated with “second modernity”

A

Globality:

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16
Q

________ Deal with how power is generated and distributed through society.

A

Political Theory:

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17
Q

What are the Nature of Political Domain:

A

Freedom that people enjoy in the country
The legal/court system
The freedom of the press
The Constitution
Political Parties
The nature of bureaucracy

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18
Q

Political Trends

A
  1. Formal System
  2. Informal System
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19
Q

Political trends that refers to Executive and Legislature, their functioning and decision
Nature of electoral process
Political parties

A

Formal System

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20
Q

POlitical trends THAT REFERS TO:
Rallies
Protests; and
Demands made on the government for changes to existing formal systems

A

Informal System

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21
Q

Legal systems followed in countries are usually of three forms:

A
  1. Under common law, courts rely on tradition, precedents and interpretation of legislation
  2. The civil law system
  3. Theocratic law
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22
Q

_________: refers to the international division of labour, class distinctions & global capitalism all of which divide the world into core countries, semi-periphery and periphery countries.

A

World-system

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23
Q

_______ originated in the sixteenth century, when European traders established enduring connections with Asia, Africa and the Americas.

A

The Capitalist world-system

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24
Q

The best-known version of world-systems approach has been developed by_________. American sociologist, historical social scientist, & World system analyst
Born in New York in 1930

A

Immanuel Wallerstein in the 1970s.

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25
Q

_______Refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries and periphery countries

A

World-System Analysis

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26
Q

Two Varieties of world-system

A
  1. World Empires
  2. World Economy
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27
Q

________: Large bureaucratic structures with a single political center and an axial division of labor, but multiple cultures

A

World Empires

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28
Q

_______: Large axial division of labor with multiple political centers and multiple cultures

A

World Economy

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29
Q

the world is divided into three types of countries or areas

A
  1. core countries,
  2. semi-periphery countries
  3. periphery countries
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30
Q

_________:focus on higher skill, capital-intensive production, technology, research

A

Core Countries

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31
Q

_______ and ________:focuses on low-skill, labour intensive production, agriculture production, providing cheap labour and extraction of raw materials which constantly reinforces the dominance of the core countries

A

Semi-periphery
Periphery

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32
Q

Refers as made up of “free countries” dominating others without being dominated.
Main reason for the position of the developed countries is economic power.

A

Core Nations

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33
Q

The most economically diversified.
Wealthy and powerful.

A

Core Nations

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34
Q

Have strong central governments, strong bureaucracies and powerful militaries.
Highly industrialized, produce manufactured goods rather than raw materials for export.

A

Core Nations

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35
Q

give example of core nations

A

USA, Canada, Japan, France, Germany

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36
Q

______nations are those that are midway between the core and periphery.

A

Semi periphery

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37
Q

Dominated by countries (usually by core countries ),at the same time dominating others (usually peripheries)
They tend to be countries moving towards industrialization and a more diversified economy.

A

Semi periphery

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38
Q

Those regions often have relatively developed and diversified economy but are not dominant in international trade.

A

Semi periphery

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39
Q

give example of Semi periphery

A

India, Pakistan, Ireland, Mexico, China

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40
Q

Least economically diversified.
Have relatively weak governments.
Tend to be least industrialized.

A

PERIPHERY

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41
Q

Examples of Periphery

A

Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cuba, Israel

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42
Q

Have small bourgeois and large peasant classes.
Tend to have a high percentage of their people that are poor and uneducated.
Tend to be extensively influenced and by core nations.

A

PERIPHERY

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43
Q

______ led to new/contemporary world in the making

A

Industrial Revolution

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44
Q

________: was a period of radical modernization and mechanization that began in Great Britain and spread to the United States.

A

Industrial Revolution

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45
Q
  • Mid-18th century
  • Europe and America in 19th century
A

Industrial Revolution

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46
Q

Notable Developments in:

A

Agriculture
Transportation
Communication

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47
Q

These countries were the first to employ the industrial revolution

A

England
Germany
United States
Russia

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48
Q

Industrialization in England

A
  1. Rich deposits of coals and iron
  2. Wool and cotton for textile industry
  3. Waterpower from rivers
  4. Large labor force (worked for the wealthy – landowners and capitalists
  5. Leading colonial power
  6. Support from the government
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49
Q

Revolution in the Textile Industry: Inventions

A
  1. Flying Shuttle
  2. Spinning Jenny
  3. Spinning Frame
  4. Jenny-Spinner
  5. Power loom
  6. Cotton Gin
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50
Q

The ______, invented by John Kay in 1733, revolutionized the process of weaving and significantly increased the speed and efficiency of textile production during the Industrial Revolution.

A

Flying Shuttle

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51
Q

________was a multi-spindle spinning frame designed to increase the productivity of the spinning process. It allowed a single operator to spin multiple threads simultaneously, significantly speeding up the production of yarn.

A

Spinning Jenny

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52
Q

In 1769, Sir Richard Arkwright, a cotton manufacturer, patented the _______. Arkwright’s water-powered machine could spin large quantities of cotton.

A

Spinning Frame

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53
Q

In 1779, ______Samuel Crompton found a way to use the best parts of the spinning jenny and the water frame together in one machine called the spinning mule.

A

Jenny-Spinner

54
Q

In 1787, clergyman Edmund Cartwright developed the ______. This increased the production of cotton textiles.

A

Power Loom

55
Q

Across the Atlantic, a young American inventor named Eli Whitney created the_______deseeding cotton balls) in 1793.

A

cotton gin

56
Q

Treu or false: The first commercial steam engine was produced in 1698. That year, Thomas Savery, an English army engineer, patented a pumping engine that used steam.

A

true

57
Q

true or false: In 1712, Thomas Newcomen, a blacksmith, improved on Savery’s engine. Newcomen’s engine came into general use during the 1720s.

A

true

58
Q

true or false:Around 1700, an English inventor named Abraham Darby began experimenting with new means of smelting iron, as British iron masters often ran short of charcoal

A

true

59
Q

trueor false: By removing some of the gases and impurities from coal, he created a substance called coke, which burned even hotter than coal itself. When Darby found that coke could smelt iron as well as charcoal could, he opened the door to a new world of power.

A

true

60
Q

What are the Impact of Industrial Revolution

A
  1. Revolution in Transportation and Communication
  2. Social Effects
  3. Working conditions in factories
  4. Emergence of New Political Ideas
61
Q
  1. Visions for a Transformed Society.
  2. The reformers, who became known as socialists, believed that there was a need to rebuild the capitalist society of the early Industrial Revolution.
A

Socialism and Marxism

62
Q
  1. The socialists felt that government action was needed to solve many of the problems of an industrialized society.
  2. They urged the passage of laws that would improve working conditions, permit the growth of labor unions, expand voting rights, and increase educational opportunities for the poor.
A
  1. Socialism and Marxism
63
Q

Utopian Socialist: Advocated the creation of workers’ cooperatives. Their dream was to establish an ideal society, or utopia.
Products would not be equally divided; workers with special skills would receive larger shares. But measures would be taken to prevent them from becoming too wealthy.

A

Charles Fourier and Robert Owen

64
Q

______socialism that is achieved through the moral persuasion of capitalists to surrender the means of production peacefully to the people.

A

Utopian Socialism

65
Q

True or fALSE: Owen believed that the cause of evil was a dreadful social environment. He strictly controlled child labor and established schools for the children of the community.

A

trUE

66
Q

TWO Emergence of New Political Ideas

A

Socialism and Marxism

67
Q

A “classless society” would be established, private property would be abolished, and social conflict would end.
These ideas became known as _______

A

Marxism

68
Q

A new kind of socialism
Scientific socialism
Economics shaped history
Class struggles – the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (capitalists)

A

Karl Marx

69
Q

_______,” written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848

A

The Communist Manifesto

70
Q

______ believed that to end the misery of the working class, a violent revolution was necessary.

A

karl marx

71
Q

_______refer to geographic areas that are defined by shared physical, cultural, political, and economic characteristics.

A

Regions

72
Q

Regions are often formed because of _______,________, and _______

A
  1. historical
  2. geographical
  3. social factors.
73
Q

What are several different types of regions:

A
  1. formal
  2. functional
  3. perceptual regions.
74
Q

________ are defined by clear boundaries, such as state or national borders, and often have a shared government or other official institution.

A

Formal regions

75
Q

________ are defined by people’s subjective beliefs and attitudes towards a certain area, such as a cultural or linguistic region.

A

Perceptual regions

76
Q

_______ are defined by the interdependent relationships between different areas, such as a transportation network or economic system.

A

Functional regions

77
Q

The New York metropolitan area is a ________ that includes New York City, nearby suburbs, and surrounding towns that are all connected by a transportation network and economic system.

A

Functional region

78
Q

The American South is a ________ that is defined by cultural and historical associations, including shared cuisine, music, and attitudes towards religion and politics.

A

perceptual region

79
Q

Example: The United States is a _________ with clearly defined national borders and a shared government.

A

formal region

80
Q

Regions can have a variety of characteristics that distinguish them from one another:

A
  1. Physical characteristics
  2. Cultural characteristics
  3. Political characteristics
  4. Economic characteristics
81
Q

__________ characteristics may include climate, topography, and natural resources

A

Physical characteristics

82
Q

_________ characteristics may include language, religion, and customs.

A

cultural characteristics

83
Q

_________ characteristics may include government systems, political boundaries, and international relations

A

Political characteristics

84
Q

___________ characteristics may include trade, industry, and economic development.

A

Economic characteristics

85
Q

The _______ and ______ are terms used to describe the division of the world into two regions based on their level of economic development and political power.

A

global North and South

86
Q

The_______ refers to the developed countries of Europe, North America, and Japan,

A

global North

87
Q

The ______ refers to the developing countries of Latin America, Africa, and countries of Asia.

A

global South

88
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The global North has higher levels of economic development, higher incomes, and more political power.

A

TRUE

89
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The global South, on the other hand, faces challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and political instability.

A

TRUE

90
Q

In the 15th and 16th centuries, European powers sought to expand their empires and claim territories around the world. Portugal and Spain were the two major powers in this competition, and to avoid conflict, they signed two treaties:

A
  1. the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
  2. Treaty of Saragossa in 1529.
91
Q

The _________ divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Portugal and Spain along a north-south line 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands, giving Portugal control of most of present-day Brazil and Spain control of the rest of the Americas.

A

Treaty of Tordesillas

92
Q

The _________ was signed in 1529 between Spain and Portugal to resolve disputes over the newly discovered territories in the Pacific Ocean, which were not covered by the earlier Treaty of Tordesillas.

A

Treaty of Saragossa

93
Q

_______, was a global conflict that took place from 1914 to 1918.

A

World War 1

94
Q

TRUE OR FALSEE: The WORLD WAR 1 originated in Europe after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian nationalist, which led to a chain reaction of alliances and declarations of war.

A

TRUE

95
Q

World war 1: The major powers involved in the conflict were divided into two opposing alliances:

A
  1. the Allied Powers
  2. Central Powers
96
Q

The _______, signed in 1919, officially ended the war and imposed severe penalties on Germany.

A

Treaty of Versailles

97
Q

Allied Powers:

A

United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, United States, Japan, Serbia, Belgium, Montenegro, Romania, Greece, Portugal, etc.

98
Q

Central Powers:

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

99
Q

Allied Powers led by;

A

France, Russia, and the United Kingdom

100
Q

Central Powers (led by:

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire).

101
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Canada and Australia were part of the Allied Powers during World War I.

A

TRUE

101
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: some countries, such as China and several other neutral nations, also provided resources and support to the Allied Powers during the war, but did not officially join the war as combatants.

A

TRUE

102
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Canada declared war on Germany on August 4, 1914, and Australian forces joined the war effort shortly after. Other countries such as New Zealand, India, South Africa, and many others also supported the Allied Powers.

A

TRUE

103
Q

______was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world’s nations.

A

World War II

104
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The war was triggered by the aggression of Nazi Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, and their invasion of Poland.

A

TRUE

105
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The conflict resulted in the defeat of the Axis powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy) by the Allied powers (United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union), and the devastating loss of life and destruction of cities and infrastructure.

A

true

106
Q

true or false: The aftermath of the war led to significant changes in the world, including the formation of the United Nations and the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as superpowers.

A

true

107
Q

WORLD WAR II
enumerate the countries who were part of Allied Powers:

A

United States, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, India, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, and Yugoslavia

108
Q

WORLD WAR II
enumerate the countries who were part of Axis Powers:

A

Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria

109
Q

True or False: Russia refers to a country that existed prior to the formation of the USSR. It is the largest country in the world, with a rich history and culture.

A

true

110
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The USSR, was formed after the Russian Revolution or Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

A
111
Q

________was a socialist state that existed from 1922 to 1991 and consisted of various republics, including Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and others.

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,

112
Q

USSR STANDS FOR

A

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,

113
Q

The ______ between US and USSR created the division between the capitalist/imperialist states and the communist/
progressive states.

A

cold war

114
Q

TRUE OR FASLE: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved on December 26, 1991, marking the end of the Cold War era.

A

TRUE

115
Q

The _________ was a political, economic, and military tension between the Western powers, led by the United States, and the Eastern powers, led by the Soviet Union, that lasted from the end of World War II in 1945 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991

A

Cold War

116
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The terms “First World,” “Second World,” and “Third World” were used during the Cold War era to describe the political and economic divisions that existed in the world.

A

TRUE

117
Q

___________countries that were aligned with the United States and other Western capitalist nations

A

First World

118
Q

____________ countries that were aligned with the Soviet Union and other communist states

A

Second World

119
Q

__________ countries that were not aligned with either the First or Second Worlds.

A

Third World

120
Q

These countries were characterized by having democratic governments, market economies, and high standards of living. Examples include the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and Japan.

A

First World

121
Q

These countries were characterized by having socialist or communist governments, centrally planned economies, and a focus on industrialization. Examples of include the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, and North Korea.

A

Second World

122
Q

These countries were characterized by being economically underdeveloped and politically unstable. Examples include many countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

A

Third World

123
Q

The global North and South regions exhibit distinct characteristics in terms of their:

A
  1. physical geography
  2. demographics
  3. economic systems
  4. cultural identity.
124
Q

Physical geography plays a significant role in defining these regions. The _______tends to have more temperate climates, fertile soils, and access to natural resources such as oil, coal, and gas. Meanwhile, the _______ faces challenges such as arid climates, limited access to water, and exposure to natural disasters such as hurricanes, and earthquakes.

A
  1. North
  2. South
125
Q

Demographically the ______ is characterized by lower birth rates and longer life expectancies, while the ________ has higher birth rates and lower life expectancies. The ________ also tends to have a more diverse population, with greater ethnic and linguistic diversity, while the South is more homogenous.

A
  1. North
  2. South
    3.North
    4.South
126
Q

Economically, the _______ is often characterized by capitalist market economies, while the ________ has a mix of traditional, subsistence-based economies, as well as emerging market economies that are often dependent on natural resource exports. The _________ tends to have higher levels of economic development and more advanced technology, while the __________ often struggles with poverty and lack of access to basic resources such as healthcare, education, and clean water.

A
  1. North
  2. South
  3. North
  4. South
127
Q

Cultural identity is another important characteristic of these regions. The ________ is often seen as more individualistic and consumer-oriented, while the ________ is more community-oriented and values collective well-being over individual gain. There are also distinct cultural differences in areas such as language, religion, and cuisine.

A
  1. North
  2. South
128
Q

One of the main challenges faced by both regions is addressing the issue of _____________ The North-South divide is characterized by significant disparities in economic development, with the North enjoying higher levels of income and greater access to resources, while the South struggles with poverty and underdevelopment.

A

economic inequality.

129
Q

true or false: Environmental concerns are also a significant challenge for both regions, as issues such as climate change, deforestation, and pollution have global implications.

A

true

130
Q

true or false: Political instability and conflict are also major challenges faced by the global North and South regions.

A

true

131
Q

Despite these challenges, there are also opportunities for global North and South regions. Initiatives such as the _________ and _______ present opportunities for increased economic integration and investment. Additionally, cultural exchange and collaboration can promote greater understanding and cooperation between the two regions.

A
  1. Belt and Road Initiative
  2. African Continental Free Trade Area

2ND SEM-MIDTERM (9 decks)

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