SOCSCI COLLATED Flashcards
Primary goal of this type of government is to govern through fair representation and prevent abuses of power.
Democracy
The result of this type of government is to satisfy the broadest possible number of public interests, leading to majority rule.
Democracy
A centralized form of government that is led by a single party and is often authoritarian in its rule.
Communism
States under this type of government replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of economic production.
Communism
A system wherein each person benefits from and contributes to the system according to their needs and ability.
Socialism
A system wherein citizens communally own the means of production and distribution of goods and services, while a centralized government manages it.
Socialism
A type of government wherein a collection of individuals rules over a nation.
Oligarchy
A type of government wherein there is a presence of authoritative rulers and an absence of democratic practices or individual rights.
Oligarchy
A type of government wherein a small, elite ruling class has power over those in the lower socioeconomic strata.
Aristocracy
A power system that appoints a person as head of state for life or until abdication and authority is traditionally passed down through a succession line related to one’s bloodline and birth order within the ruling royal family.
Monarchy
A type of monarchy wherein the monarch’s power is limited as outlined in a constitution.
Constitutional Monarchy
A form of government wherein a specific religious ideology determines the leadership, laws and customs.
Theocracy
A form of government wherein a nation extends its sovereignty over other territories.
Colonialism
This type of government often leads to ruling over indigenous populations and exploiting resources.
Colonialism
A totalitarian form of government wherein the ruling party recognized no limitations whatsoever on its power, including its citizens’ lives or rights.
Totalitarianism
A nation ruled by a single authority with absolute power in a time of upheavals; usually lead the nation’s armed forces, using it to establish their brand of law and order and suppress people’s rights.
Military Dictatorship
Father of Sociology; coined the term “positivism”.
Auguste Conte
It is the scientific study of social patterns.
Positivism
Co-authored the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels.
Karl Marx
Rejected Conte’s positivism; Social Conflict Theory.
Karl Marx
Social Darwinism
Herbert Spencer
Laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life.
Social Facts
(Type of suicide) Individuals are too close and intimate, which results in the over-integration of individuals into social proof.
Altruistic Suicide
(Type of suicide) Man feels like he has no place in society.
Egoistic Suicide
(Type of suicide) Occur due to the overregulation in society. (A/N: strict rules)
Fatalistic Suicide
(Type of suicide) Due to a certain breakdown of social equilibrium. (A/N: Unexpected change occurred)
Anomic Suicide
Proposed the four types of suicide.
Emile Durkheim
Proposed the methodology of sociological research.
Max Weber
To understand the social world from an insider’s point of view.
Verstehen
Researchers should be subjective when they represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values; social science may not be subject to the same methods of investigation as the natural world.
Antipositivism
Developed the Sociological Imagination.
Wright Mills
It is how individuals understand their own and others’ pasts in relation to history and social structure.
Sociological Imagination
Sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society.
Structural Functionalism
Proponents of Structural Functionalism.
Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
States that society is made up of individuals who must compete for social, political, and material resources.
Conflict Theory
Proponent of Conflict Theory
Karl Marx
Believed that conflict must lead to revolution and collapse of capitalism.
Karl Marx
Did not believe that conflict should lead to revolution; believed that there is more than one cause of conflict aside from economics.
Weber
Exchange of meaning through language and symbols; is how people make sense of their social worlds.
Symbolic Interactionism
Proponent of Symbolic Interactionism
George Mead
Collection of data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.
Survey
One-on-one conversation between the researcher and the subject, and is a way of conducting surveys on a topic.
Interview
Gathers primary data from the natural environment without doing laboratory experiments or surveys.
Field work
Researchers join people and participate in a group’s routine activities for the purpose of observing them within that context.
Participant Observation
Extended observation of the social perspective and cultural values of an entire social setting; involves objective observation of an entire community.
Ethnography
In-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individuals; researcher examines existing sources, conducts interviews, engages in direct observation, and even direct participant observation.
Case Study
Type of experiment wherein research can be controlled.
Laboratory-based experiment
Type of experiment wherein generation of data cannot be controlled but the information might be considered more accurate since it was collected without interference or intervention by the researcher.
Field-based experiment
Evaluating and judging another culture based on how it compares to one’s own cultural norm. (One’s culture is better than others)
Ethnocentrism
The practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of one’s own culture.
Cultural Relativism
Another culture is superior to one’s own.
Xenocentrism
Culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society.
Values
Standards society would like to embrace and live up to.
Ideal Culture
Tenets or convictions that people hold to be true.
Beliefs
How to behave in accordance with what society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.
Norms
(Type of norm) Established, written rules; are behaviors worked out and agreed upon in order to suit and serve the most people.
Formal Norm
(Type of norm) Casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to; learned through observation, imitation, and general socialization.
Informal Norm
Norms that embody the moral views and principles of a group.
Mores
