sociology theories and meths Flashcards
what is meant by capitalism ?
capitalism- getting payed for the work that you do. each person gets payed for the skill level of their job.
what is a marxist feminist ?
the marxist version of this theory is that the economic dependency women have on men comes from capitalism. The patriarchal society creates cheap workforce of women both in and out of the home.
what is structuralism ?
the theory that elements of human culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system of structure. It works to uncover the structures that underline all the things that humans, think, do or feel.
what is liberal feminism ?
Developed as a response to other “male stream” theoretical perspectives. it could be seen as interpretavist because it is based on women own interpretations and experiences. Women are sex role conditioned from a young age because of the ignorance of men.
what is radical feminism ?
this version of this theory is the most extreme, it focuses on the power relationship between men and women and “ sexual politics”. They argue that all women are oppressed by men in some way.
what is marxism ?
A response to modernism- a conflict version of structuralism & a macro theory. Looks at society from a top-down perspective. Based on a class conflict analysis of society. Which will culminate in a communist society. Class conflict, will promote constant change in these stages of human development. It argues that proletariat lower class is duped into supporting the bourgeoise by institutions.
what is functionalism
DURKHEIM & SPENCER- macro theory that argues that society’s structures ( e.g classes) operate in a way to be beneficial to the maintenance of society as a whole and to its members. they believe that structures in society are much like the body/ internal organs. They believe that society is stable when everyone shares a value consensus. if you work hard you can move up in society.
what are social facts ?
social facts are things such as institutions, norms and values which exist in the external to the individual and constrain the individual. People have choice whether to work as a part of a society in order to create a consensus
what is new right ?
strictly political theory- this theory emphasises individual freedom and self-intersted instead of the power of the state and state spending. they believe in the marketisation and privatisation of companies e.g health and rail. They believe in traditional values of education and the family.
what is interactionalism ?
also known as the social action theory. This theory argues that the way people act shapes themselves. WEBER rejects the idea that society can be understood as a system. It aims to understand how individuals make sense of the world because there is no objective reality to study. It focuses on the interactions of people ( actors ) & the world. The theory centres around the idea of self. WEBERs idea of verstehen’ which means POV. Later, other sociologists like BEKER focused more on the relationships with people and how this can affects us.
what is anti racism ?
Another conflict theory which argues that both structures and individuals cause conflict between ethnic minorities and the white British majority. This could be intentional or unintentional through institutional racism and symbolic violence.
what is post modernism ?
this theory believe that sociology is is changing so chaotically and rapidly which means that there’s a lot of uncertainty and risk. social structures like class and the family are breaking down and changing. these sociologists argue that like the family no longer refers to any sort of fixed idea. society is being replaced by a mass of individuals making choices and there are no ways to interpret or explain society as a whole.
what is meant by the term Ethnocentric ?
means to apply one’s own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved.
what is meant by ideoological bias
The idea that pre-existing opinions about the quality of research can depend on the ideological views of the author(s).
