Sociology: Past and Present (3.1 P1)

Question 1

Ibn Khaldun

Answer 1

forefather of sociology

fourteenth century philosopher who wrote about the world around him.

valuable writing about political events and social problems the muslim world

his work is a record of the pre-modern world and filled w observationnabout society

Question 2

When did the discipline of sociology formally exist

Answer 2

Industrial revolution: many scholars began to write about the problems they observed; many theories about social inequity are still important tdy

Question 3

What problems did the industrial revolution cuase

Answer 3

benifited the middle class; wealth rose significantly
working class: many people lost their jobs, replaced by machines. those with jobs often worked long hours innunsafe, child labor (in horrible conditions) increased since they could be oaid less, overcrowding, crime rate rose

Question 4

What do sociologists do

Answer 4

study interactions among people living tgt in ansociety and their actions, beliefs and behaviours in order to understand the society

compare and contrast human interactions and behaviours between different societies

Question 5

Auguste Comte

Answer 5

coined “sociology”, defining it as the systematic study of society

believed society is always changing and that prople struggeled to adapt

ultimatley thesr changes are positive for society

developed impactful (to karl marx) theories about social inequity

positivism

Question 6

positivism

Answer 6

the application of the scientific methid to obtain wuantifiable data in order to understand society

Question 7

what type of question do sociologists need to ask

Answer 7

broad questions with different elements, broad enough to have implications in other societies

Question 8

cultural expressions

Answer 8

shared symbols and learned behaviour that everyone in a society recognizes and understands

Question 9

values

Answer 9

shared ideas and standards that are considered acceptable and binding

Question 10

norms

Answer 10

expectaions about how people should behave in certain context

Question 11

role

Answer 11

the expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position (ex: dentist)

Question 12

objectivity

Answer 12

set aside their own beliefs and avoid judgement

Question 13

universality

Answer 13

research can be applied in a varity of areas, break down biundaries

Question 14

Babies

Answer 14

directed by Thomas Balmes

tracks four babies in their first year of life

how gumans are fundamentally the same, but enviourment shapes us