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2nd Exam > Sociology Midterm > Flashcards

Sociology Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Sociological imagination

A

The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual’s life to seemingly impersonal and remote historical forces.

Seeing the world from someone else’s view.

Sporkful podcast- chef who didn’t feel comfortable ordering fried chicken

Embedded podcast - outreach ~ why is this person engaging in deviance and how can I use that understanding to prevent crime ?

Three mile - Melanie grew up in a low income family and saw that life was different based on how the other school looked

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2
Q

Double consciousness

A

A concept to describe the two behavioral scripts, one for moving through the world and the other incorporating the external opinions of prejudiced onlookers, which are constantly maintained by African Americans

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

The theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important or necessary function to keep society running

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4
Q

Conflict theory

A

The idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic , animating force of social change and society in general.

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5
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

A micro level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people’s actions-

Tends to look like : sees the world as a product of social interaction.

People act on the world in response to the meanings that you assign to it.

Stop sign- means stop to us because we are familiar with it

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6
Q

Microsociology

A

A branch of sociology that seeks to understand local interactions contexts ; its methods of choice are ethnographic generally including participant observation and in-depth interviews

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7
Q

Macro sociology

A

A branch of sociology general concerned with social dynamics at a higher level of analysis - that is, across the breadth of a society

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8
Q

Quantitative methods

A

Methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric form

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9
Q

Qualitative methods

A

Methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form

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10
Q

Correlation

A

Simultaneous variation in two variables

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11
Q

Causation

A

The notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another

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12
Q

Dependent variable

A

The outcome that the researcher is trying to explain

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13
Q

Independent variable

A

A measured factor that the researcher believes has a casual impact on the dependent variable

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14
Q

Validity

A

The extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure

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15
Q

Reliability

A

The likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure

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16
Q

Sample

A

The subset of the population from which you are actually collecting data

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17
Q

Surveys

A

An ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from respondents

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18
Q

Participation observation

A

A qualitative research method that seeks to uncover the meanings people giver their social actions by observing their behavior in practice

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19
Q

Culture

A

A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices, the sum of the social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs, behaviors and practices. Everything but the natural environment around us

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20
Q

Agency

A

Choice - sometimes consequences are a result of our own actions

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21
Q

Structure

A

Reflect larger social forces

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22
Q

Hegemony

A

Invisible structures of power that privilege one group in society.

Hegemonic masculinity- women are expected to perform

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23
Q

Institutional isomorphism

A

Organizations that fill similar roles even if they start out different from each other but tend to be more similar over time.

Start up podcast - started small and things wanted to be innovative and collaborative but as it grew, then they looked to the places they had been worked before and looked at past ways.

Frats and sororities become similar over time

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that your own culture is superior. Viewing the world throughout the lens of your own culture

25
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Recognizing differences between cultures without passing judgment

Example of the man who went around the world tasting food but didn’t pass any judgment

26
Q

Labeling theory

A

Made by Becker

Individuals notice how others see and label them , and how they internalize those labels

You tend to live up to the judgments

27
Q

Social constructivism

A

The belief that we as a society work together on ways to perceive the world. Different meanings in different contexts

28
Q

Me

A

Ones sense of a being distinct person perceived by others

A child knows he or she likes cookies

29
Q

Self

A

Individual identity is the person as perceived by that person

30
Q

I

A

Ones sense of power or acting

Example - infant wants milk

31
Q

Spurious

A

Random

32
Q

Generalizability

A

The extent to which we can claim our findings inform is about a group larger than the one we studied

33
Q

Variable

A

Any entity that can take on different values

34
Q

Experiment

A

A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried

35
Q

Interview

A

Require personal sensitivity and adaptability as well as the ability to stay within the bounds of a designed protocol.

Guided discussion

36
Q

Social desirability bias

A

Respondents will answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others

37
Q

Hierarchy of tastes

A

Different foods and cuisines are associated with different status’ - high, middle, low or just strange

38
Q

Material culture

A

Everything that is a part of our constructed physical environment, including technology

39
Q

Socialization

A

A way to refer to the lifelong process of inheriting and disseminating norms, customs, values and ideologies , which provides an individual with the necessary habits and skills necessary in social surroundings

40
Q

Generalized other

A

An internalized sense of total expectations of others in a variety of settings - regardless of whether we’ve encountered those people or places before

41
Q

Status

A

A recognizable social position that an individual occupies

42
Q

Role

A

The duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status

43
Q

Role strain

A

The incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status

44
Q

Ascribed status

A

A status into which one is born; involuntary status

45
Q

Achieved status

A

A status into which one enters; voluntary status

46
Q

Gender roles

A

Sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany ones status as male or female

47
Q

Dramaturgical theory

A

The view of social life is as essentially a theatrical performance one which we are all actors in metaphorical stages , with roles, scripts, costumes , and sets

48
Q

Face

A

The esteem in which an individual is held by others

49
Q

Social network

A

A set of relations, essentially a set of dyads, held together by ties between individuals

50
Q

Primary groups

A

Social groups , such as family or friends , composed of enduring, intimate face to face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved

51
Q

Organization

A

Any social network that is defined by a common purpose and had a boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world

52
Q

Organizational culture

A

The shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group ; often used interchangeably with corporate culture

53
Q

Organizational structure

A

The ways in which peer and authority are distributed within organization

54
Q

Social deviance

A

Any transgression of socially established norms

55
Q

Social control

A

Mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals

56
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

Social cohesion based on sameness

57
Q

Organic solidarity

A

Social cohesion based on difference and interdependence of the parts

2nd Exam (3 decks)

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