Sociology Final Flashcards
Ethnicity refers to?
Cultural practices and outlooks of a given community that have emerged historically and tend to set people apart.
For whites, the importance of ethnicity has?
Declined in recent years
For whites, ethnicity is largely?
Voluntary and symbolic
Whites can now choose to be
Ethnic or not
Given high rates of ethnic intermarriages, more and more whites can now choose which?
Ethnicity to be
Unlike ethnicity for whites, being racially Asian is?
Not voluntary
Race refers to the differences in
Human physical characteristics used to categorize large numbers of individuals
Race can be understood as a classification system that?
Assigns individuals and groups to categories that are ranked or hierarchical
There are no clear-cut physical differences between races.
Races
The genetic diversity within races is greater than the?
Genetic diversity between them
Race is a?
Social construct
Which Swedish botanist developed a human classification system in 1735?
Carolus Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus’s system is recognized as the?
The first version of a modern classification scheme of human populations
Carolus Linnaeaus grouped human beings into four basic categories which are?
Europaeus, Americanus, Asiaticus, and Africanus
Carolus Linnaeus assumed that each subgroup had qualities of behavior or temperament that were?
Innate and could not be altered
Carolus Linnaeus acquired much of his data from?
The writings, descriptions, commentaries, and beliefs of plantation owners, missionaries, slave traders, explorers, and travelers
Carolus Linnaeus’s classification scheme reflected the?
Prejudices of Europeans that were prevalent at that time
From the fifteenth century onward, as Europeans came into increased contact with people from different regions of the world, they attempted to categorize these people based on their physical attributes. These categories became the basis of systems that shaped and constrained the people’s daily lives. This is an example of?
Racialization
Slavery in the former British colonies in the Americas
Apartheid in South Africa
The American South in the early twentieth century
The United States after the dismantling of state-sanctioned segregation during the civil rights era of the 1960s
These are all examples of?
Racialized systems
Soo Young is a fashion model who has difficulty getting work in the international modeling industry because of?
An industry-wide bias against fashion models who appear to be of non-European ancestry and/or mixed race
Joan believes that most drug dealers are black. She continues to hold this belief even though she read in the newspaper that more whites sell drugs than blacks. This attitude is an example of?
Prejudice
Although Scott, an African American, was more qualified than Bernardo, a Hispanic American, Bernardo was hired instead of Scott because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are harder workers than African Americans. Denying Scott the job is an example of?
Discrimination
Thinking in terms of fixed and inflexible categories such as believing that all Muslims are religious fundamentalists is known as?
Stereotyping
Blaming immigrants for high unemployment rates is an example of?
Scapegoating
The early wave of immigrants to the United States, from the 1820s to the 1880s, was mostly from?
Northwestern Europe
Driven by a series of potato famines, ___ million people migrated to the _______ from ______ in the _____ ______ and settled mostly in ________.
1.5 million United States Ireland nineteenth century urban areas.
A major new influx of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe arrived in the United States in?
The 1880s and 1890s
All immigrant groups were subjected to prejudice and discrimination by those who were already?
Established in the United States
Most immigrants admitted to the United States since ____ have been from?
1965 have been from Latin America or Asia
Who is the largest minority group in the United States?
Hispanic Americans
Who has the lowest high-school graduation rate?
Hispanics
Who has the highest median household income?
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that the history of racial segregation is responsible for?
The perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people.
Who argued that race has declined in its significance for blacks, especially with respect to economic disadvantages for the poorest segment of the community.
William Julius Wilson
