sociology exam 2 Flashcards
The sociologist Erving Goffman developed what?
The field of microsociology and emphasized the importance of understanding the “seemingly trivial.”
According to Erving Goffman, social interaction is like
Performing a play in a theater.
Response cry indicates to others that
Though there was a momentary slip, you we subsequently remain competent
During a dinner at a fancy restaurant, a young woman knocks over a glass of water as she reaches for the salt. As the water soaks the tablecloth she exclaims, “Oops, sorry!”. This is an example of
Response cry
Civil inattention is defined as
Acknowledging the presence of others but avoiding interaction.
Two people are standing together in an elevator, but they do not speak to each other or look each other in the eye. This is an example of
Civil inattention
People engage in audience segregation to
Reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.
being openly gay at home but being “straight” at work for fear of discrimination. This is an example of
Audience segregation
while grocery shopping, you run into your sociology professor. This creates an awkward interaction since you are not used to seeing her outside of class and you are not sure how to behave. This is an example of
Audience segregation
People use impression management to
Compel others to react to them in ways they wish.
A CEO wears a suit and tie to a board meeting and later in the day changes into jeans and a T-shirt to attend a football event with friends. This is an example of
Impression management
Wearing a new dress on a first date is an example of
Impression management
Maria’s friend posted an unflattering picture of her from a Halloween party on Facebook. Maria was embarrassed and quickly took it down since she is friends with many coworkers on Facebook. This is an example of
Impression management
In order to understand a conversation, we need to understand the social context, which is why electronic communication such as email or text messaging can lead to?
miscommunication
Social status a.k.a
Social position
Social status is the particular slot or position you hold in
A given social structure
A sibling, a spouse, a student, an employee, and a parent are all examples of
Social status
Socially defined expectations of a person in a given social position are referred to as
Social roles
The social positions that a person occupies determines that person’s
Social roles
The social positions that a person occupies determines that person’s?
Social roles
Founded the field of ethnomethodology, the study of micro interaction.
Harold Garfinkel
The study of how people sustain meaningful interactions with each other
Ethnomethodology
Ethnomethodology is the study of
Ethnomethods, which every person uses in day-to-day life to make sense of what others do
According to Harold Garfinkel, people use _________ ________ to structure and organize everyday conversation.
background expectancies
The technique used to examine the organized principles of talk is called
Conversation analysis
Interactional vandalism is defined as
A subordinate person breaking the tacit rules of interaction
a street vendor tries to sell products to people by walking next to them and putting the products in people’s line of vision. As he does so, people ignore him and avert their eyes. This is an example of
Interactional vandalism
Interactional vandalism, such as when men on the street call out to and follow women, is likely to have the effect of
Supporting status positions
Deviance refers to
Modes of action that do not conform to the norms or values held by most members of a group or society
We are all rule
Creators
Deviance varies by
Social context
True or False: Some people choose to be deviant.
True
Some people are deviant because they are incapable of
Following the rules
True or false: Most of us, on some occasions, violate generally accepted rules of behavior
True
Norms are rules of
Conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of situations
A sanction is a
Mode of reward or punishment that reinforces socially expected forms of behavior
There are _______ and ________ sanctions and ______ and ______ sanctions
Positive and Negative and Formal and Informal
a veteran police officer’s criticism of a rookie police officer for not acting aggressively enough during an altercation with a suspect is an example of A) a negative informal sanction B) a positive informal sanction C) a negative formal sanction D) a positive formal sanction
A) a negative informal sanction
Laws are
Norms defined by governments as principles that their citizens must follow
Crime is any type of
Behavior that violates laws
Some of the first attempts to explain crime emphasized what?
Biological factors
A recent study mentioned in your textbook of New Zealand children investigated whether a child’s propensity for aggression was linked to biological factors present at birth. Researchers that conducted that study would agree that a baby with a genetic predisposition for alcoholism would
Not likely become a problem drinker if his or her social environment provided few opportunities to drink
Withdrawn, emotionless characters who delight in violence for its own sake
Psychopaths
Psychopaths lack
The moral sense and concern for others held by most normal people
Psychopaths are not inevitably
Criminal
People with psychopathic characteristics might be
Explorers, spies, or gamblers
Nearly all studies of people said to possess psychopathic characteristics have been of
Convicted prisoners
Theorizing that terrorists have a certain personality profile is an example of
The psychological view of deviance
Sociology does not place the source of deviant behavior within an individual, unlike
Neuroscience, genetics, biology, and psychology
From the sociological perspective:
Behavior varies according to
Social context
From the sociological perspective:
Definitions of deviance vary based on
Social context
From the sociological perspective:
Crime depends on
The social institutions of a society
From the sociological perspective:
Crime results from lack of
Moral regulation within society
A concept brought into wide usage in sociology by Émile Durkheim
Anomie
Refers to a situation in which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior
Anomie
