Sociology exam review Flashcards
School of thought: structural interactionism
individuals
- studies human interactions at micro level
- emphasizes individuals as they can relate to larger society and believe this is how we understand society
School of thought: Weber
diverse
- structural functionalist
- believed society was becoming more diverse resulting in functional differentiation
School of thought: Chicago school
(environment and structures)
(masks)
- physical environment and social structures shape behaviour
- Charles Cooley: individuals shape society and society shapes individuals
- George Mead: we create masks for situations
School of thought: structural functionalism
define ourselves and controversy
- society is stable when all needs are met
- Durkheim: we define ourselves through social interactions
- Parsons: social phenomena shapes our society controversial
School of thought: functional differentiation
- divisions created dealing w/ environment (roles)
School of thought: feminist sociology
patriarchy
- examines gender inequality and how men have more control over women’s lives
School of thought: conflict theory
competition
- Karl Marx
- competition btwn social groups for power
Auguste Comte
- applied rational method to study of society and called this discipline sociology
values
- shared ideas and standards of a society (equality)
norms
- expected behaviour considered normal (cheering)
roles
- expected behaviour of a person in a position (parent)
objectivity
-
universality
-
socialization types (4)
- primary: basic necessities (emotions, language, etc)
- secondary: how to function in groups (raising hand)
- anticipatory: how to act accordingly (what to wear)
- resocialization: changing a socialization (prison)
agents of socialization:
7
- family (primary): usually first socialization
- school (secondary): teach formal rules
- peer groups (secondary): chance to commit discouraged actions
- media (secondary and anticipatory): impact life expectations
- religion (secondary): influence community beliefs
- workplace (secondary): teach workplace rules
- total institutions (resocialization): get rid of bad behaviour
types of groups
4
- dyad- group of 2 (relationship)
- informal- less intimate (neighbour)
- primary- small influential groups (family)
- secondary- large less intimate groups (community)
Deviance
- behaviour going against societal norms describing destructive behaviour
Strain Theory
- Robert Merton
- society causes deviancy: when people can’t meet goals they participate in deviant actions to reach them.
alienation and the two types
- when people have unequal access of societal rewards
1. micro: left out in friend group
2. macro: LGBTQ+ community fighting for equality
subcultures and countercultures
- sub: small group w/in society sharing values of larger culture but share common identities deviating from norms
- counter: deviantly oppose dominant culture and reject their values and norms
collective and prosocial behaviour
- collective: behaviour of a large group not reflecting societal rules w/ no relation btw each other (isn’t unusual)
- prosocial: behaviours binding society together
convergence and rational decision theory
- convergence: large group causes more people to join
- rational: deciding to join behaviour based on your threshold (high=no, low=yes)
sanctions and conformity
- sanctions: reward/punishment encouraging or discouraging behaviour
- conformity: changing thoughts and beliefs to meet group expectations
discrimination, stereotypes, and scapegoats
- discrimination: act of treating groups unfairly
- stereotype: exaggerated views about groups
- scapegoat: target for discrimination
