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Social Science Review > Psychology exam review > Flashcards

Psychology exam review Flashcards

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1
Q

what is psychology

A

the study of our mental process and behaviour

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2
Q

case studies…

A

observation of individual/group over long period

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3
Q

experiments…

A

determining one factor’s relevance to another

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4
Q

sample surveys…

A

get info about behaviours through large groups drawing conclusions from characteristics chosen

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5
Q

interviews…

A

questions prepared to get detailed info

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6
Q

unstructured observation…

A

learn responses to situations w/out planned ideas

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7
Q

structured observation…

A

planning what will be studied

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8
Q

participant observation…

A

involving yourself in group activities

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9
Q

correlational study…

A

studying association btw events (existing data)

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10
Q

historical analysis…

A

census data for info on attitudes, patterns, etc that change over time

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11
Q

content analysis…

A

draws together existing research to answer bigger questions

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12
Q

psychological perspective: behavioural

dog

A
  • Watson, Pilov, and Skinner
  • study of observable behaviour
  • Pavlov’s dogs (bell=salivation)
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13
Q

psychological perspective: psychodynamics

impulses

A
  • Freud
  • theories explaining human behaviour in terms of unconscious dynamics w/in the brain
  • impulses: agressive and sexual
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14
Q

psychological perspective: cognitive

remember

A
  • mental process in memory, thought, and perception

- study how we remember and violence/responses

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15
Q

psychological perspective: physiological

brain tumor

A
  • bodily events associated w/ feelings and thoughts

- interested in psychological causes (brain tumours)

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16
Q

psychological perspective: sociocultural

community

A
  • look at experience of a community to explain an individuals behaviour
  • gender roles affect emotion
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17
Q

psychological perspective: humanists

hierarchy

A
  • Maslow and Rogers
  • people grow at own pace individually
  • mallows hierarchy of needs
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18
Q

The brain: 4 main parts

A
  1. frontal lobe (emotion and judgement)
  2. parietal lobe (sensory i.e. touch)
  3. occipital lobe (vision)
  4. temporal lobe (hearing & memory)
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19
Q

The brain: other parts

A
  1. corpus callosum (brain side communication)
  2. pons (connects cerebellum and cerebrum)
  3. pituitary gland (secretes hormones)
  4. medulla oblongata (impulses i.e. heartbeat)
  5. cerebellum (posture and balance)
  6. spinal cord (vertebrae)
20
Q

left brain

A
  • math, language, right side

- practical “men side”

21
Q

right brain

A
  • artistic, 3d images, holistic thought, left side

- artistic “woman side”

22
Q

ambidextrous

A
  • ability to use both sides of brain equally well
23
Q

learning: classical conditioning

A
  • Pavlov
  • learning by association of events
  • normal reaction + stimulus = new action
24
Q

learning: operant conditioning

A
  • Skinner
  • association of events
  • reinforcements (good behaviour) and punishments (bad behaviour)
  • positive (adding) and negative (taking away)
25
Q

learning: observant learning

A
  • learning by listening, watching, etc.

- STAGES: attention, retention, production process, motivation, observational learning

26
Q

learning: latent learning

A
  • new behaviour not shown until needed

- remember streets, navigate in future

27
Q

learning: insight learning

A
  • intellectual learning

- use intelligence to problem solve

28
Q

memory stages

A
  1. encoding (processing)
  2. storage (long or short)
  3. retrieval (stimuli)
29
Q

types of memories

A
  1. sensory (1 sec)
  2. short term (20 secs)
  3. long term (unlimited)
30
Q

amnesia types

A

biogenic - physical damage to brain
psychogenic - psychological disorder
retrograde - loss of memory
anterograde - unable to make memories

31
Q

emotion causes

A

psychological: bodily responses
neurological: brain activity
cognitive: mental activity

32
Q

universal emotions

A

happy, excited, tender, scared, angry and sad

33
Q

motivation

A
  • Freud (only awarenesses of small parts of our brain
  • id: (devil) pleasure principle - unconscious
  • superego: (angel) morality principle - unconscious and conscious
  • ego: (referee) decision maker - conscious
34
Q

motivation cycle

A

need –> drive –> action –> drive subsides –> time relapses –> restart

35
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

physiological: breathing and food/water
safety: health and security
love/belonging: friendship and family
esteem: confidence and achievement
self-actualization: creativity and lack of prejudice

36
Q

defence mechanisms

A

repression: keeping threatening thoughts unconscious
denial: block external events (denial)
projection: attributing unacceptable thoughts somewhere else
displacement: focus urge on something else
regression: using past behaviour to deal with stress
rationalization: providing pleasant explanation

37
Q

nature vs nurture

A

nature: behaviour based off of heritability
nurture: behaviour based off of environment

38
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: yr 1

A

trust: attention and security
mistrust: parent’s love is uncertain

39
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: yr 2-3

A

autonomy: exploring environment
doubt: restrictiveness

40
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: yr 4-5

A

initiative: setting goals
guilt: doubt towards setting goals

41
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: yr 6-11

A

industry: praise to success
inferiority: negative emotions to failure

42
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: yr 12-18

A

identity: “who am I” answered

role confusion: pressure

43
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: young adult

A

intimacy: consider needs for others
isolation: fear of intimacy

44
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: middle age

A

generatively: achieve self-worth
stagnation: not concerned w/ needs of others

45
Q

Eriksons 8 stages: old age

A

integrity: fulfilled with life
despair: unfulfilled with life

Social Science Review (4 decks)

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