Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy > Sociology Exam 1 > Flashcards

Sociology Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Five reasons to study sociology

A
  1. Causes us to question common sense.
  2. increase awareness of social forces that impact our daily choices
  3. influences important public policy
  4. allows people to test social issues in a systematic way
  5. increase skills useful to daily living
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of sociology

A

the systematic study of human social behavior, society, groups and social structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

History of sociology as a discipline - social

A

2 classes = aristocrats-wealthy, educated, powerful & Peasants- poor, rural, isolated, uneducated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

History of sociology as a discipline - political

A
  • aristocracy ruled with iron clad power.
  • dictates were carried out without question
  • commoner had no voice in how he was governed
  • strong marriage between church and state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the founding fathers

A 
Auguste Comte 
Herbert Spencer 
Karl Marx
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when was sociology named as a discipline

A

in 1838

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Auguste Comte

A
  • Father of sociology
  • Named sociology as a discipline in 1838
  • offered statistics & social dynamics
  • offered 3 stages of societal development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 stages of societal development?

A
  • Theological: society based on myth, superstition, religion, & faith
  • Metaphysical: based on natural law & order with nature as proof
  • Scientific: based on fact est. by empirical data & reason/logic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social statistics?

A

life remains the same over time (consistent) -provides fabric for continuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social dynamics?

A

society experiences change -provides opportunity for progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Herbert Spencer?

A
  • Took biological approach to understanding European society
  • was influenced by Charles Darwin
  • society was like a human body = multiple parts working together for good of whole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Karl Marx?

A

labeled 2 social classes -Bourgeoisie: wealthy, capitalists, owners of production & Proletariat: poor, workers, laborers in production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what did Karl Marx believe?

A

capitalism was the root of all evil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Emile Durkheim?

A
  • Mechanical solidarity: society is held together by similarity of values, lifestyle, & strong community pressure to conform
  • Organic solidarity: society held together by diversity of lifestyle & values, specialization of tasks, & interdependence on one another for survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Emile Durkheim?

A

-Mechanical solidarity and Organic solidarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Max Weber?

A
  • Outlined 3 forms of authority: rational-legal, charismatic, and traditional
  • outlined steps to rational & efficient business-steps of bureaucracy
  • wrote the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ration-Legal authority? and example

A

authority based on rules & formal procedures

ex: President

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Charismatic authority? and example

A

based upon personality or message, often seen in religious groups or informal social settings.
ex: Mr.Moon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Traditional authority? and example

A

based upon either family lineage or divine right-appointment by God
ex: royal family in Britain, or Pope (not elected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Four types of suicide

A

Egoistic
Altruistic
Anomic
Fatalistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Egoistic suicide and example?

A

person is not integrated to society in a way that he/she can ever be accepted by society
ex: Texas Seven

22
Q

Altruistic suicide and example?

A

Committed by the person who is tied to a group that he/she cannot imagine life apart from that group
ex: Cult members, suicide bombers, women who die with husbands

23
Q

Anomic suicide and example?

A

Person who has no set of particular ties to which he/she is bound
ex: movie stars & athletes

24
Q

Fatalistic suicide and example?

A

Person who has no hope for the future

ex: broken romances, terminal illness

25
Q

Mechanical Solidarity?

A

society is held together by similarity of values, lifestyle, & strong community pressure to conform

26
Q

Organic Solidarity?

A

society held together by diversity of lifestyle & values, specialization of tasks, & interdependence on one another for survival

27
Q

3 theoretical models of sociology?

A

structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism

28
Q

Structural functionalism?

A
  • macrosociological
  • conservative model
  • born at Harvard
  • Talcott Parsons & Robert Merton
  • Parson w Harvard
  • Merton w Columbia
29
Q

Conflict Theory?

A
  • Macrosociological
  • Marx and Weber fit this model
  • believe that society is always in a state of unrest, conflict, competition, and chaos
  • Core conflict: competition for scarce and valued resources
30
Q

Symbolic Interactionism?

A
  • Microsociological
  • use of symbols to create social meaning and connect with others in meaningful ways
  • create reality everyday as we interact with others
31
Q

Symbol definition?

A

Objects or ideas that stand for or represent something else

32
Q

3 Underlying assumptions of symbolic interaction?

A

-We learn from our experiences
-We interpret new experiences based on what we have learned
-We act on our experience
(cycle constantly repeats)

33
Q

Manifest and Latent Function?

A

M: expected changes or outcomes
L: unexpected changes or outcomes

34
Q

Dysfunction?

A

Negative changes or outcomes

35
Q

more info on structural functionalism?

A
  • social world functions as a set of parts (each must do job for whole to be healthy)
  • change is inevitable (should be well thought out, occur slowly so that parts have time to adapt)
36
Q

Four sources of Knowledge?

A
  • Intuition
  • Common Sense
  • Authority
  • Tradition
37
Q

Intuition?

A

quick ready insight not based in rational thought

38
Q

Common Sense?

A

an opinion that we hold to be true bc it seems obviously correct

39
Q

Authority?

A

info from an expert - someone supposedly knowing more about something than the rest of us

40
Q

Tradition?

A

The way things have always been done in the past

41
Q

First principles definition?

A

assumptions that we make about the world that we cannot prove but we must make them in order to begin inquiry

42
Q

6 steps of scientific method?

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Review the literature
  3. Develop hypotheses/theory
  4. Plan a research design
  5. Collect the data
  6. Analyze the data and draw conclusion
43
Q

Define the problem?

A

Narrow down the topic

What do I want to study?

44
Q

Review the literature?

A
  • become an expert on your study question
  • use data previously gathered that is valid for your research
  • become aware of your biases
  • inspiration for your own research
45
Q

Develop Hypothesis/Theory?

A

H: a statement about how 2+ ideas/variables may be related
T: a statement or set of statements about how 2+ social phenomena may be related

46
Q

Plan a research design?

A

population: all person who can potentially be in research
sample: a person who actually participate in research

47
Q

Collect the data?

A

survey: research instrument in which you ask someone his/her opinion about a research question
or interview: a form of survey in which you ask people their opinion about a research question in a face to face format

48
Q

Reliability definition?

A

the degree to which a research effort can be repeated achieving essentially the same result

49
Q

Validity definition?

A

the extent to which a study measures what it was designed to measure

50
Q

Hawthorne effect definition?

A

change in a participants behavior bc he/she is aware of being studied

anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions