Sociology Exam 1

Question 0

Sociological imagination

Answer 0

The application of imaginative thought to the asking and answering of sociological questions. “thinks himself away” from daily life

Question 1

Social perspective

Answer 1

Understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

Question 2

Social structure

Answer 2

underlying regularities or patterns in how people behave in their relationship with others

Question 3

Social structure

Answer 3

Framework of societal institutions and social practices that make up a society and organize and limit people’s behavior

Question 5

Values

Answer 5

ideas held by individuals or groups about what is desirable , proper, good or bad

Question 6

Socialization

Answer 6

social process through which children develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve a distinct sense of self

Question 7

Social order

Answer 7

How people behave in society. What is classified as what is right and what is wrong in society. It is basically needed for society to function properly.

Question 8

Comte

Answer 8

The Father of Sociology; coined the term “sociology”; argued that reliance on superstition and speculation was inadequate in understanding society. Founder of positivism.

Question 9

Norms

Answer 9

Unwritten rules of society to guide behavior

Question 10

Beliefs

Answer 10

Are the ideas, viewpoints and attitudes of the particular group of society. They are consists of fables, proverbs, myths, folklore ,traditions, superstition, education and etc. that influence the ideas, values, emotions, perceptions and attitude of the members of the society.

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

A standard by which people define what is desirable or undesirable, good or bad, beautiful or ugly

Question 12

Socialization

Answer 12

The lifelong process through which people learn the attitudes, values and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture

Question 13

Industrial revolution

Answer 13

Brought about Sociology in the 19th century; Scientists began applying the scientific method to real world problems

Question 14

Comte

Answer 14

The Father of Sociology; coined the term “sociology”; argued that reliance on superstition and speculation was inadequate in understanding society. Founder of positivism. ‘Law of three phases’. It is by his statement of this law that he is best known in the English-speaking world; namely, that society has gone through three phases: Theological, Metaphysical, and Scientific. He also gave the name “Positive” to the last of these because of the polysemous connotations of the word.

Question 15

Culture

Answer 15

the values, norms and material goods characteristic of a given group

Question 16

Durkheim

Answer 16

Pioneered the systematic application of scientific principles to sociology; first to use statistical methods to test hypotheses; Studied suicide. Division of labor…Social facts…Religion and categories of thought.

Question 17

Marx

Answer 17

“Modern Conflict Theory”-separation/tensions in society that propel flow of history

1. Model of the Social System
2. Theory of Revolution (social change)

Question 18

Weber

Answer 18

Made methodological and theoretical contributions to the discipline. Study of rationality.

Question 19

Subcultures

Answer 19

values and norms distinct from those of the majority held by a group within a wider society

Question 20

Mead

Answer 20

Founder of the symbolic interventionism theory. The ongoing use of language and gestures in anticipation of how the other will react; a conversation. The looking glass self.

Question 21

Anomie

Answer 21

Merton’s Anomie Theory. Normlessness - may arise when there is inconsistency between the cultural goals and the means of achieving them. A social condition in which norms are absent, weak, or in conflict.

Question 22

Peer groups

Answer 22

friendship group composed of individuals of similar age or social status

Question 23

Anomie

Answer 23

Merton’s Anomie Theory. Normlessness - may arise when there is inconsistency between the cultural goals and the means of achieving them. A social condition in which norms are absent, weak, or in conflict.

Question 24

Symbolic interaction

Answer 24

The dynamic exchange of symbol in interaction (society is made “real” through symbols, symbols emerge through interaction)

Question 25

Culture

Answer 25

The ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life.

Question 26

Impression management

Answer 26

preparing for the presentation of once’s social role

Question 27

Material goods

Answer 27

The physical objects that a society creates; these influence the ways in which people live.

Question 28

Sociology

Answer 28

Systematic study of human society

Question 29

Nature / Nurture

Answer 29

Relative importance of biological inheritance and environmental factors in human development

Question 30

Subcultures

Answer 30

Group of people who share the same norms and values, they have a distinct identity, often distorted, often reject mainstream society

Question 31

Ethnocentrism

Answer 31

The practice of judging another’s culture based on the standards of your own

Question 32

Cultural relativism

Answer 32

The principle of understanding other cultures on their own terms, rather than judging or evaluating according to one’s own culture

Question 33

Peer groups

Answer 33

(Agent of socialization) is a group of people who are linked by common interest, equal social position, and (usually) similar age

Question 34

Social roles

Answer 34

Behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.

Question 35

Nonverbal communication

Answer 35

Communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech.

Question 36

Status

Answer 36

The social positions a person holds

Question 37

Impression management

Answer 37

Presentation of Self-you purposefully portray yourself a certain way by adopting an identity/providing identities for others, thereby influencing the outcome of a situation.

Question 38

In-groups

Answer 38

A social group toward which a member feels respect and loyalty

Question 39

Out-groups

Answer 39

A social group toward which a person feels like a sense of competition or opposition

Question 40

Reference groups

Answer 40

A social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations and decisions

Question 41

Bureaucracy

Answer 41

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority & a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions & written rules, communications, & records

Question 42

Society

Answer 42

A group of people who live in a particular territory, are subject to a common system of political authority and are aware of having a distinct identity from other groups.