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SAP > Sociology > Flashcards

Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Ethnocentricism

A

Looking at things from one’s own culture/experiences

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2
Q

Beliefs

A

Concepts or ideas about the world and human life

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3
Q

Values

A

Things one holds to have meaning or importance

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4
Q

Conflict theory

A

Controlling group and oppressed groups. Oppressed group tries to rise up and then roles are switched.

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5
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Everyone in society has a role that helps society as a whole.

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6
Q

Social facts

A

Can’t be influenced by individuals.

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7
Q

Institutions

A

Structures needed by society to function properly. Built around certain values that persist over time.
Education, government

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8
Q

Manifest functions

A

Put in place to keep society moving forward. Education

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9
Q

Latent functions

A

Unintended consequences from manifest functions. Ex. Making friends at school.

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10
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Give meaning to a symbol and act differently in response.

Examples: badge on police officer

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11
Q

Types of families

A 
Nuclear - biological family
Blended - step
Adoptive
Foster
One income, no kids
Double income, no kids
By choice (friends)
Extended
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12
Q

Primary socialization

A

Initial socialization that helps develop a person’s personality

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13
Q

Stereotype

A

Putting people into categories

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14
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative beliefs or expectations and feelings directed against members of a group

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15
Q

Discrimination

A

Treating people poorly based on stereotypes and prejudices

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16
Q

By-stander Effect

A

Thinking others will help so you don’t have to

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17
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Assuming/expecting others in the group to help and don’t take action

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18
Q

Stigma

A

Negative label that radically changes a person’s self concept or social identity

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19
Q

Values

A

Standards of desirability, goodness and beauty that people find important.
First five years of life are most important for intellectual development and building core values.

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20
Q

Symbols

A

Anything that carries a specific meaning or is recognized by others

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21
Q

Culture

A

A system of expectations and goals widely shared by others.

Food, religion, traditions, clothing, music

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22
Q

Sub-Culture

A

Patterns that distinguish some segments of society’s identity

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23
Q

Social movement

A

An organized effort to encourage or oppose some dimension of change

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24
Q

Social Change

A

Transformation of culture and social institutions over time

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25
Q

Destructive conflict

A

When you are likely to destroy a relationship. Arguing in an aggressive manner, being insulting and bringing up the past.

26
Q

Constructive conflict

A

Disagreements that allow for anger to be expressed without a dissolve of the relationship. Stay on topic, no insults, don’t bring up the past.

27
Q

Social control

A

Attempt by society to regulate thoughts and actions of individuals by implementing laws. Helps society to function properly.

28
Q

Racism

A

Believing one race is superior over another race.

29
Q

Norms

A

Rules or expectations that define what are acceptable or required behaviours of individuals in social situations

30
Q

Mores

A

Norms generally regarded as essential for the welfare of society

31
Q

Laws

A

Norms formally chosen to be backed up with/by punishments for failure to conform to them.

32
Q

Folkways

A 
Norms generally regarded as useful but not essential for society. Violation of these may bring a mild punishment.
Attending class on time
33
Q

Caste system

A

A social stratification system in which no, or almost no, social mobility from social category is possible.

34
Q

Ascribed status

A

A social position that is assigned to persons by society or by birth such as age, race, sex

35
Q

Patriarchy

A

The male is in charge of the family

36
Q

Matriarchy

A

The female is in charge of the family.

37
Q

Power

A

The ability to achieve desired ends despite opposition

38
Q

Compromise

A

Both people gain and lose in a negotiation.

39
Q

Rites of passage

A

Things that are expected to happen in one’s life.

Ex. Marriage, puberty, giving birth/becoming a parent, first kiss.

40
Q

Normative events

A

Things that are expected to happen in one’s life that require developmental change.
Ex. Puberty, becoming a parent, driving

41
Q

Non-event

A

Things in life that are expected to happen but do not.

42
Q

Polygamy

A

A person having multiple spouses.

43
Q

Polyandry

A

One wife, multiple spouses.

44
Q

Polygyny

A

One husband, multiple spouses

45
Q

Monogamy

A

Committed to one person romantically

46
Q

Serial monogamy

A

Going from one committed relationship to another without much of a break, without cheating.

47
Q

Natural childlessness

A

Naturally do not have children

48
Q

Involuntary childlessness

A

Want to have children but cannot

49
Q

Voluntarily childless

A

Don’t want children

50
Q

Pre-nuptial agreement

A

A written document outlining what will happen to possessions/children upon break up of marriage

51
Q

Education inflation

A

More education is needed to get the same jobs.

52
Q

Credentialism

A

Putting more value on education than actual work experience.

53
Q

Free-choice marriage

A

Spouses choose each other

54
Q

Arranged marriage

A

A third party or parents choose spouses

55
Q

Primary group

A

The people you are closest with and who have the most influence on your life

56
Q

Secondary group

A

The people you have in your life but do not have as much of an influence on you

57
Q

Will

A

Legal document outlining where possessions will go after death.

58
Q

Dower rights

A

The spouse automatically receives the matrimonial assets upon death of other spouse.

59
Q

Common law marriage

A

Union of two people in a romantic relationship living together for 1+ years.

60
Q

Social mobility

A

Moving within the ranks of society.

61
Q

Anticipatory socialization

A

Practising things/stages of life before taking on the actual roles

SAP (3 decks)

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