Sociology

Question 1

Cultural deprivation

Answer 1

Many working class families fail to socialise their children adequately. Therefore these children grow up culturally deprived.

Question 2

Three main aspects of cultural deprivation

Answer 2

Intellectual development
Language
Attitudes and values

Question 3

Intellectual development - Douglas

Answer 3

Working class pupils scored lower on tests of ability than middle class pupils.

Because working class parents are less likely to support their children’s intellectual development through reading with them or other educational activities at home.

Question 4

Bernstein and young - intellectual development - toys

Answer 4

Middle class mothers are more likely to choose toys that encourage thinking and reasoning skills and prepare children for school

Question 5

The restricted code - Bernstein

Answer 5

Working class - limited vocabulary and is based on the use of short, often unfinished, grammatically simple sentences.

Speech is predictable and may involve only a single word or even just a gesture.

Context bound - speaker assumes the listener shares the same experience

Question 6

Elaborated code - Bernstein

Answer 6

Typically used by the middle class. Wider vocabulary and based on longer and grammatically complex sentences.

More varied and abstract

Context free