Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMAT > Sociology > Flashcards

Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the word sociology come from?

A

logos- study of society

socius- companion or being w others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sociology def

A

scientific study of human behaviour. science of society and social interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sociological imagination def

A

based on the distinction between personal troubles and public issues
it opens a window into unfamiliar worlds, it is a view of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Charac of SI

A 
Focus on:
collectivity
totality
meaning 
context
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sociological Inquiry def

A

systematic analysis of motivations and behaviour of individuals and social groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prime concern of sociologic inquiry

A

analysis of social action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

intervening variable

A

cannot be manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Methods for inquiry

A 
sample survey
case study
cohort study
interview-experimental
participatory/non-participatory
crosscultural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

early socialist that theorised sociology

A

Claude saint-simone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sorted human efforts to comprehend society into 3 stages

A

Aguste Comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Comte’s 3 stages

A

Theological stage
Metaphysical stage
Scientific stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Events that led to the development of socialogy

A
  1. social upheaval in europe
  2. development of imperialism
  3. successor the natural sciences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

father of socialogy

A

Auguste comte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Law of dynamics

A

social change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Law od statics

A

social order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Herbert spencer

A

survival fittest- social darwinism

focus should be on evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Karl Marx

A 
class conflict
should take active steps to change society
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Max weber

A

Protestant ethic
not economics at the centre but religion
protestant is betted economic development
introduced ideal type
one of the founders of symbolic interactionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Emile durkheim

A

social behaviour must be understood within a larger social context
group or society is the central object of sociologic study
concept of social integration
introduced ANOMIE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ANOMIE

A

a feeling of out of place not belonging or having lost sense of direction purpose in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Harriet martineau

A

translated comte’s works
emphasis on scrutinising on race, status and gender
women’s liberation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

George herbert mead

A

developed symbolic interactionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Talcott parsons

A

formalised theory of structural functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Symbolic interactionism theory

A

human being live in a world of meaningful objects. Symbols are an important part of communication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Structural functionalism theory

A

Society is composed of different part each of which have function that when fulfilled contributes to society’s equilibrium
Society is composed of social structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Social structure

A

relatively stable pattern of social behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Each social structure has ___

A

social function consequences of the social pattern fro the operation of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

2 types of functions (FS)

A

manifest and latent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Conflict theory

A

based on the assumption that society is characterised by inequality and conflict that generate change
society as groups competing for scarce resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

1st to have a PHD in sociology in the PH

A

Serafin Macaraig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Emergence of empirical sociologic research in the PH

A

1960-1970’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

general types of research

A

basic- for the sake of theory
applied- how study can be used
practical/action- continues in to actual intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Aims of socialization

A 
teach fundamentals of life
instill values
transmit skills
fulfill social roles
develop into socially functioning person
means of social control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

agents of socialization

A 
family
peer
school
work place
church
media
gender concepts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Gender

A

personal traits and social position attached to being male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

sexuality

A

STATE OF EITHER BEING MAKEOR FEMALE

37
Q

Influences on gender

A

biological influence

cognitive influence

38
Q

Sexism

A

endorsement of traditional gender roles

39
Q

Androgyny

A

presence of both masculine and feminine trait in a person

40
Q

RA for women

A

reproductive health law
anti-violence against women and children
promoting role of women in national development

41
Q

Deviance

A

behaviour that does not conform to social norms

42
Q

Norms

A

rules about what members of society should and should not do

norms are not absolute

43
Q

Stigma

A

mark of moral disgrace

Picks out a particular characteristic and uses this to devalue a person’s whole social identity

44
Q

crime

A

violation of norms written into law

45
Q

social order

A

group’s usual social arrangements on which members depend and base their lives

46
Q

social control

A

group’s means of forcing its norms

47
Q

Anomie

A

breakdown in cultural structure that occurs when there is a acute disjunction between the cultural norms and goals and the socially structured capacities of members to act in accord with them

48
Q

types of deviance

A

primary
secondary- difficult returning into society
group- violation against a group norm
individual- conformity to a group but against society

49
Q

functions of deviance

A

affirming cultural values and norms
clarifies moral boundaries
promotes social unity
encourages social change

50
Q

dysfunction of deviance

A

disrupting social order
diverting resources to social control
undermining trust
undermining other people’s will to conform

51
Q

3 theories of deviance

A
  1. biological- looks for answers within the individual. assumes genetic predisposition
  2. psychological theories- focuses in abnormalities within individual
  3. sociological theories- SI, FS, CP factors outside the individual
52
Q

Differential associaltion theory (Becker)

A

deviant behaviour is learned the same way non deviant behaviour is learned

53
Q

Labelling theory (Sutherland)

A

deviance is a result of others playing rules, sanctions or labels to particular reasons

54
Q

Labelling theory primary and secodary deviance

A
  1. involvement of behaviour opposing the norms

2. stigmatization

55
Q

Control theory (Hirschi)

A

Human being are deviant at heart

56
Q

Control theory 4 elements of social bond in order to understand the effectivenss of inner controls

A

attachment
commitment
involvement
belief

57
Q

Normality of Deviance (Durkheim)

A

Inevitable part of social life

functional in society because it contributes to social order

58
Q

Conflict perspective

A 
illegitimate opportunity structures: social class and crime
the law as an instrument of oppression
59
Q

4 types of social control

A
  1. internal- control through socialisation
  2. external- society’s effort to control behaviour
  3. Informal- interpersonal actions
  4. Formal- effort to bring about conformity to law by criminal justice system
60
Q

6 types of crime

A

violent
white collar- high social status committed in the context of their occupation
corporate
organized
victimless- offense i s against society itself
street

61
Q

4 justifications for punishment/formal control

A

retributions- pay back
deterence
rehabilitation
incapacitation- societal protection

62
Q

Group types

A

primary groups- warm, intimate, long-term association
secondary- few emotional ties and limited interaction. more formal and impersonal based on some shared interest.
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
Ingroup
Outgroup
Reference group- grip whose standard we refer to as evaluation. exerts strong influence in one’s identity

63
Q

Gemeinschaft

A

(community) small traditional communities, primary group.

United by common ancestry or geographical closenss

64
Q

Gesellschaft

A

(society) dominated by contractual and impersonal relationships
social bonds are voluntary and based on rational self-interest

65
Q

Types of group leader

A 
instrumental
Expressive
Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-fare
66
Q

Basis of social cohesion

A

mechanical solidarity

organic solidarity- division of labor

67
Q

clarification of social interaction

A

STRUCTURal
cultural
religios interaction
geographical interalktion

68
Q

Conjunctive social process

A

a. conjunctive
cooperation- share responsibilities and goal
accommodation- adjustment of hostile individuals or groups. adjustments to conflicts in order to work together.
amalgamation- biological interbreeding of two peoples of distinct physical appearance until they become one stock
assimilaltion- process of interpretation and fusion in which persons and groups acquire the memories, sentiments, and attitudes other persons or groups by sharing their experience and history, incorporated in a cultural life
acculturation- significant change though mutual borrowings and adaptations by people of different cultures in contact with some continuity

69
Q

Disjunctive social processes

A

conflict- approaches are arbitration or compromise

competition- personal or impersonal

70
Q

social structure

A

Patterns around which society is organised

71
Q

elements of social structure

A

status

role

72
Q

Social status

A

position in a social system

building blocks of social structure

73
Q

types of social structure

A 
ascribed
achieved
master
status set
status incumbent
status symbols
status inconsistency
74
Q

social role

A

expected patterns of behaviour attached to a given status

75
Q

types of social role

A 
role distancing
role conflict
role prescriptions
role strain
role exit
76
Q

social stratification

A

system by which society ranks categories of people in hierarchy

77
Q

Layers of stratification

A 
slavery
caste
estate
class
clan
78
Q

social class

A

large group of people who rank close to one another in terms of wealth power and prestige

either capitalist or workers

79
Q

Karl marx on social class

A

based on means of production

80
Q

MAX WEBER ON SOCIAL CLASS

A

based on property, power, prestige

81
Q

social change

A

alterations in patterns of culture social structure and social behaviour, and relationships over time

82
Q

theories of social change

A

evolutionary
cyclical
functionalist
conflict

83
Q

Evolutionalry theories

A

societies gradually grow and develop from simple to complex

84
Q

Social darwinism

A

spencer

domination of white race over non white

85
Q

functionalist

A

focus on social statistics

composed of various parts which should compliment each other

86
Q

Conflict theories

A

holds that change is caused by tensions between competing interests in society

87
Q

1st social institution developed by man

A

family

88
Q

family life cycle

A 
love and courtship
marriage
childbirth
child rearing
family transitions

NMAT (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions