Physics Flashcards
What is a law or principle?
A statement that describes a natural phenomenon
What is a theory?
Reasonable explanation of series of observed phenomenon
Fundamental quantity for length
Meter
Fundamental quantity for mass
Kilogram
Fundamental quantity for time
second
Fundamental quantity for temp
Kelvin
Fundamental quantity for electric current
Ampere
Fundamental quantity for luminous intensity
Candela
Fundamental quantity for molecular quantity/amount of substance
mole
Which of the fundamental quantities gets it’s basis from a block of platinum
Kilogram
What is a derived quantity?
Quantities formed from the 7 fundamental quantities`
Unit for force
Newton
Unit for work and energy
Joule
Electric Field
Newton per coulomb
Atomic Number is equal to
The number of protons
Avogadro’s number
6.02x10^23
What is an isotope?
Different number of neutrons
Accuracy
closeness to the actual value
Precision
closeness of measurements to each other
Instantaneous speed
d2-d1/t2-t1
Average velocity
xf-xi/tf-ti
with direction
xf>xi +
xf
Instantaneous acceleration
v2-v1/t2-t1
Looking for vf without distance (x)
Vf= Vo + at
Looking for vf with distance (x)
Vf^2= Vo^2 + 2a(Xf-Xo)
Looking for Xf with Vf without a
Xf= Xo + 1/2(Vf-Vo)t
Looking for Xf with a without Vf
Xf= Xo + Vot +1/2at^2
Describe velocity in freefall
Vi=Vf=Vmax
What is the velocity at Xmax in free fall?
O
What is acceleration in free fall?
gravity
Velocity along the x of projectile motion
constant
Velocity along the y in projectile
constantly changing
A along the y in projectile
constant (g)
Horizontal acceleration in projectile
0
Time of flight for projective
T1=T2
Law of inertia
Fnet=0
Inertia
Resistance to any change in state of motion
Measure of object’s inertia
Mass
Law of acceleration
F=ma
Most common force
Gravity
Force of gravitational attraction on an object
F(g)=mg=w
Force definition
push or pull
vector quantity
Law of action and reaction
Forces occur in pairs (equal but opposite force)
Fab=-Fba
3 Contact force
Normal, Tension, Friction
Normal force
perpendicular support force of a surface on an object
Tension
Pulling force on a hanging object
Friction
resistive force between two surfaces that are in contact or that move relative to each other
Equation for friction
f=uN
Two types of friction
Static (at rest)
Kinetic (in motion)
Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion
- law of orbits
- Law of areas
- Law of periods
Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
Fg=Gx M1M2/r^2
Universal Gravitational constant (G)
G= 6.67 x10^-11
Acceleration due to gravity of a planet
g= G(Mplanet)(r^2planet)
Uniform circular motion definiton
Acceleration due to change in velocity in terms of direction
Centripital acceleration
a©= v^2/r
Centripital force
F©= mv^2/r
Direction of centripital force and acceleration
always toward the centre of circular path
Orbital Speed
v= /GM/D
Work definition
Product of force on the object and displacement parellel to the force
Scalar
Work equation
W= Fd W= Fdcos(theta)
Types of work
positive= f and d are parallel
negative work= f and d are anti parallel
no work= f is 0, d is 0, or f and d are perpendicular
Unit of work
Joule
Newton Meter
Power definition
Rate of doing work
Power equation
Pave= W/t
Unit of power
Watt
Joules/second
Kinetic energy equation
KE= 1/2mv^2
Potential Energy definition
Energy by virtue of position
PE equation
PE= mgy
Types of potential energy
GPE
EPE
GPE Equation
GPE= mgh
EPE Equation
U= 1/2 kx^2
k is spring constant
x is displacement from rest position
Total mechanical energy equation
TME= KE + PE
Work-energy theorem defintion
change in energy of a system means work was done
Work (energy) equation
Wtotal= delta ME= delta PE + delta KE
Conservation of energy
delta KE= delta -U
Conservation of Mechanical energy
TME of isolated system remains unchanged
delta TME= 0
TMEi=TMEf
Momentum defintion
Quantity of motion
Momentum equation
p= mv
follows the direction of v
vector quantity
Impulse definition
change in momentum
Impulse equation
delta p= m(delta v)
J= Fave(delta t)
Force in terms of momentum
rate of change of momentum
F= (delta p)/(delta t)
Unit for impulse
N/sec or Kgm/sec
Conservation of momentum
linear momentum of system is constant
pi=pf
Collision def
strong interactions between bodies that last a relatively short time
TYPES OF COLLISIONS
Elastic- linear momentum and KE is conserved
Non elastic- Linear momentum is conserved
decrease in KE after collision. Completely ineleastic when 2 bodies stick together and move as one