Sociology Flashcards
Who developed the concept of the sick role?
Talcott Parsons
What are the two rights associated with the sick role according to Talcott Parsons?
Exemption from normal social roles and right not to blamed for illness
What are the two obligations associated with the sick role according to Talcott Parsons?
To try to get well and to seek competent help
What is the purpose of the sick role in society according to Talcott Parsons?
To maintain social order and stability
What does Talcott Parsons argue is the function of the sick role in society?
To regulate the behavior of sick individuals
Fill in the blank: The sick role is a ____________ concept developed by Talcott Parsons.
sociological
What is the term for the process of being excused from normal social roles when sick?
Exemption
What is the term for the concept of individuals being excused from their usual obligations when sick?
Exemption from normal social roles
What is the term for the concept of individuals having the right to receive care when sick?
Right to be taken care of
What is the term for the process of seeking medical attention when sick?
Seeking competent help
What is the term for the process of trying to recover from illness?
Trying to get well
What are the consequences for individuals who do not adhere to the sick role obligations according to Talcott Parsons?
Social disapproval and stigma
What is the term for the negative consequences individuals face if they do not adhere to the sick role obligations?
Social disapproval and stigma
What is the term for the negative reaction from society towards individuals who do not follow the sick role obligations?
Social disapproval and stigma
What are the two main critiques of Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept?
Neglect of social determinants of health and lack of consideration for chronic illnesses
What are the two areas that critics argue Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept fails to address?
Social determinants of health and chronic illnesses
What are the two factors that Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept overlooks according to critics?
Social determinants of health and chronic illnesses
What is labelling theory?
Labelling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent to an act but is rather a result of societal reaction to that act.
True or False: According to labelling theory, deviant behavior is determined by the individual’s moral character.
False
Who proposed the labelling theory of deviance?
Howard Becker
What term is used to describe the process of individuals being negatively labelled as deviant and then adopting that label as part of their identity?
Secondary deviance
According to labelling theory, what can happen to individuals who are labelled as deviant by society?
They may become trapped in a deviant identity and engage in further deviant behavior.
Fill in the blank: Labelling theory focuses on the ________ of deviance rather than the ________ of the act itself.
reaction, nature
What is the term used to describe the behavior that violates social norms and is disapproved of by society?
Deviance
True or False: Labelling theory suggests that deviance is a fixed characteristic of an individual.
False
What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them?
Differential association
What is the term used to describe the act of applying a negative label to an individual or group?
Labelling
What term is used to describe the idea that individuals conform to the expectations of a label that has been given to them?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
True or False: Labelling theory suggests that societal reactions to deviance can actually encourage further deviant behavior.
True
What is the term used to describe the act of applying a positive label to an individual or group?
Positive labelling
What term is used to describe the process by which an individual is labelled as deviant and then excluded from normal social interactions?
Stigmatization
According to labelling theory, what can happen to individuals who are labelled as deviant by society and then rejected by social institutions?
They may become further marginalized and engage in more serious forms of deviance.
Fill in the blank: Labelling theory emphasizes the ________ of social ________ in the creation of deviant behavior.
importance, reactions
What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals are labelled as deviant and then placed under increased surveillance by authorities?
Label amplification
True or False: Labelling theory suggests that deviant behavior is always a conscious choice made by individuals.
False
What term is used to describe the act of treating someone as if they are already deviant, which can lead to the person actually becoming deviant?
Deviant overconformity
What is the term used to describe the act of treating someone as if they are not deviant, which can prevent the person from engaging in deviant behavior?
Deviant underconformity
According to labelling theory, what role do social institutions play in the process of deviance?
Social institutions can reinforce or challenge deviant labels, affecting an individual’s future behavior.
True or False: Labelling theory focuses on the individual’s internal motivations for deviant behavior.
False
What term is used to describe the act of applying a neutral label to an individual or group?
Neutral labelling
What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals are labelled as deviant and then excluded from normal social interactions?
Stigmatization
