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Exam Revision > Sociology > Flashcards

Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the concept of the sick role?

A

Talcott Parsons

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2
Q

What are the two rights associated with the sick role according to Talcott Parsons?

A

Exemption from normal social roles and right not to blamed for illness

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3
Q

What are the two obligations associated with the sick role according to Talcott Parsons?

A

To try to get well and to seek competent help

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the sick role in society according to Talcott Parsons?

A

To maintain social order and stability

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5
Q

What does Talcott Parsons argue is the function of the sick role in society?

A

To regulate the behavior of sick individuals

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The sick role is a ____________ concept developed by Talcott Parsons.

A

sociological

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7
Q

What is the term for the process of being excused from normal social roles when sick?

A

Exemption

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8
Q

What is the term for the concept of individuals being excused from their usual obligations when sick?

A

Exemption from normal social roles

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9
Q

What is the term for the concept of individuals having the right to receive care when sick?

A

Right to be taken care of

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10
Q

What is the term for the process of seeking medical attention when sick?

A

Seeking competent help

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11
Q

What is the term for the process of trying to recover from illness?

A

Trying to get well

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12
Q

What are the consequences for individuals who do not adhere to the sick role obligations according to Talcott Parsons?

A

Social disapproval and stigma

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13
Q

What is the term for the negative consequences individuals face if they do not adhere to the sick role obligations?

A

Social disapproval and stigma

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14
Q

What is the term for the negative reaction from society towards individuals who do not follow the sick role obligations?

A

Social disapproval and stigma

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15
Q

What are the two main critiques of Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept?

A

Neglect of social determinants of health and lack of consideration for chronic illnesses

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16
Q

What are the two areas that critics argue Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept fails to address?

A

Social determinants of health and chronic illnesses

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17
Q

What are the two factors that Talcott Parsons’ sick role concept overlooks according to critics?

A

Social determinants of health and chronic illnesses

18
Q

What is labelling theory?

A

Labelling theory suggests that deviance is not inherent to an act but is rather a result of societal reaction to that act.

19
Q

True or False: According to labelling theory, deviant behavior is determined by the individual’s moral character.

A

False

20
Q

Who proposed the labelling theory of deviance?

A

Howard Becker

21
Q

What term is used to describe the process of individuals being negatively labelled as deviant and then adopting that label as part of their identity?

A

Secondary deviance

22
Q

According to labelling theory, what can happen to individuals who are labelled as deviant by society?

A

They may become trapped in a deviant identity and engage in further deviant behavior.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: Labelling theory focuses on the ________ of deviance rather than the ________ of the act itself.

A

reaction, nature

24
Q

What is the term used to describe the behavior that violates social norms and is disapproved of by society?

A

Deviance

25
Q

True or False: Labelling theory suggests that deviance is a fixed characteristic of an individual.

A

False

26
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them?

A

Differential association

27
Q

What is the term used to describe the act of applying a negative label to an individual or group?

A

Labelling

28
Q

What term is used to describe the idea that individuals conform to the expectations of a label that has been given to them?

A

Self-fulfilling prophecy

29
Q

True or False: Labelling theory suggests that societal reactions to deviance can actually encourage further deviant behavior.

A

True

30
Q

What is the term used to describe the act of applying a positive label to an individual or group?

A

Positive labelling

31
Q

What term is used to describe the process by which an individual is labelled as deviant and then excluded from normal social interactions?

A

Stigmatization

32
Q

According to labelling theory, what can happen to individuals who are labelled as deviant by society and then rejected by social institutions?

A

They may become further marginalized and engage in more serious forms of deviance.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: Labelling theory emphasizes the ________ of social ________ in the creation of deviant behavior.

A

importance, reactions

34
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals are labelled as deviant and then placed under increased surveillance by authorities?

A

Label amplification

35
Q

True or False: Labelling theory suggests that deviant behavior is always a conscious choice made by individuals.

A

False

36
Q

What term is used to describe the act of treating someone as if they are already deviant, which can lead to the person actually becoming deviant?

A

Deviant overconformity

37
Q

What is the term used to describe the act of treating someone as if they are not deviant, which can prevent the person from engaging in deviant behavior?

A

Deviant underconformity

38
Q

According to labelling theory, what role do social institutions play in the process of deviance?

A

Social institutions can reinforce or challenge deviant labels, affecting an individual’s future behavior.

39
Q

True or False: Labelling theory focuses on the individual’s internal motivations for deviant behavior.

A

False

40
Q

What term is used to describe the act of applying a neutral label to an individual or group?

A

Neutral labelling

41
Q

What is the term used to describe the process by which individuals are labelled as deviant and then excluded from normal social interactions?

A

Stigmatization

Exam Revision (6 decks)

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