Sociology Flashcards
Sociological Theory
a set of interrelated ideas that allow for the systematization of knowledge of the social world explanation of that world, and predictions about the future of that world.
sociological canon
the theories ideas and texts that at least in the past have been considered the most important in the field of sociology.
theories of everyday life
theories that focus on such everyday and seemingly mundane activites as a individual thought and action, the interaction of small groups
mechanical solidarity
the idea that primitive society is held together by the fact there is little division of labor and as a result virtually everyone does essentially the same thing.
organic solidary
the substantial division of labor in modern society comes from difference. that each individual need to contribution work in a society.
dynamic density
the number of people in a society and their frequency of interaction.
collective conscience
the ideas shared by the members of a collectivity such a group.
repressive law
a form of law in which members of society are severely punished by somethings that the members seem awful.
restitutive law
a form of law in which offenders are likely simply to be asked to comply with the law or to repay to those who have been harmed by their actions.
social facts
things that people on the outskirt of society are treated and they are study by watching them.
grand theory
effort to tell the story of a great stretch of human history or social theory.
material social facts
take a material form in the social world (ex architecture)
nonmaterial social facts
these are external and coercive but do not take a material form (norms and values)
anomie
associated with organic solidary of not knowing what one is expected to do
anomic suicide
that occurs when people not know what is expected of them where regulation is low and they are largely free to run wild.
egoistic suicide
that occurs when people are not well integrated into the collectivity and largely on their own. They feel meaninglessness.
altruistic suicide
when people are too well integrated into the collectivity( ex they drank the kool aid.)
fatalistic suicide
a type of suicide that occurs in situation of excessive regulation (ex slavery)
alienation
the separation from the worker and the product that they make
capitalism
a economic system composed manitly of working class and their employer.
means of production
those things that are needed for production to take place
capitalists
those who own means of production to take place like tools
proletariat
those who become they do not own the means of production must sell their labor time to the capitalists to get the means.
subsistence wage
the wage paid by the capitalist to the worker to survive enough so they can have family so they can be replace later on
labor theory of value
all value comes from labor and is therefore traceable in capitalism to the proletariat
surplus value
the difference between the value of the product it sold and the value it being made
exploitation
where the company owners get more money than the workers
false consciousness
the worker relationship is based on your organzation
class consciousness
fight the power
praxis
concrete action taken by worker in overcome capitalism
behavior
things that people do a little though
action
things people do to process
affectual action
nonnational action that is result of emotion
traditional action
the way things have been done habitually
value rational action
action that occurs when an actor choice of the means to an end is based on a larger set of values. basically choose your own value system
means ends rational action
action that involves the pursuit of ends that the actor has chosen for himself.
means end rational action
they must decide their own environment
practical rationality
the type raditional people use on daily base
theoretical rationality
a type of rationality to understand the world around you
substantive rationality
the choice of the most expedient action is based on rules.
protestant ethic
a belief system that values hard work
verstehen
what the actor process is like during the roll
spirit of capitalism
every one gets fair economic success and no one overrules the other.
traditional authority
people follow authority rule
charismatic authority
people follow him because he was a good person.
charisma
what people like
ideal type
what society want someone to be
bureaucracy
the chain of events
rational legal authority
leaders rule
