SOCIOLOGY Flashcards
what are 3 potential advantages to being a single parent?
- independence
- autonomy
- social security (benefits/housing)
what are 3 potential disadvantages of being a single parent?
- financial burden
- balancing work / home
- social networks hard to maintain
- worse environment
- role overload
what are 3 potential health results from being a single parent for a father?
- high blood pressure
- drinking
- drug use
- negative emotional state
what are 3 potential health results from being a single parent for a mother?
- insomnia
- fatigue
- crying spells
- negative emotional state
how does social class impact on single parenting?
- poorer economic background, increased single parents
- those from lower classes feel ashamed in front of ‘professionals’ / upper classes
what are 3 potential effects that single parenting can have on the parent?
- parent may become erratic, uncommunicative, unsupportive
- reliant on family support
- less likely to monitor adolescents
- provide less help to their adolescents with planning their school curriculum
what are 3 potential effects that single parenting has on the child?
- children may display more androgynous behaviour (displays both male and female characteristics)
- higher levels of maturity
- perceived self-efficacy (an individuals belief in their capacity to act in a certain way to reach goals)
what support is in place for single parenting?
- child care/support agencies
- housing (temporary accommodation provided, sometimes long-term)
- support networks (fathers for justice)
- gingerbread group (can meet other single parents for support)
how does single parenting impact on work?
- 25% unemployed
- 80% receive income support
- many result to illegal acts of benefit fraud / working whilst receiving income support
- pressure to be breadwinners as well as raise child
what are the two ways stress can be triggered and give some examples.
- physical or psychological:
- medications
- personality type
- self-esteem
- lifestyle
- social support
- perception of the stressor
give 3 bio stress mediators.
- gender
- age
- genetic
- weaknesses due to pre-existing pathology
give 3 physical symptoms of stress.
- back pain
- muscle tension
- headaches
- shaking hands
- diarrhoea
- constipation
- chest pain
- sweats
- indigestion
- loss of appetite
give 3 psychological symptoms of stress.
- nervousness
- anxiety
- depression
- irritable
- moody / frustrated
- accident-prone
what can the physical and psychological symptoms of stress lead to in terms of further health effects?
- development/progression of disease
- heart disease
- irritable bowel disease
- depression
- lowers immune system
what can these further health effects of stress be due to? (direct and indirect)
- DIRECT effect due to physiological response (autonomic nervous system, hormone, immune system)
INDIRECT effect due to health behaviour (smoking / drinking / over eating)
what is the definition of stress?
- demands vs ability to cope
what are the two types of stress?
- acute
- chronic
what are some reasons why someone might be stressed from work?
- overload
- pressure
- conflict
- lack of motivation
- loss of role
what is the management of stress for an individual?
- problem focused (changes we can make)
- emotion focussed (talking to someone)
- exercise, diet, relaxation
- attention to sleep deprivation
- time for colleagues / friends / family
give an example of an acute time limited stressor.
- being threatened in the street
give an example of a chronic intermediate stressor.
- deadlines
give an example of a chronic stressor.
- medical diagnosis
what are the 5 stages of bereavement? (Kubler Ross)
- DENIAL (avoidance / confusion / shock /fear)
- ANGER (frustration / irritation / anxiety)
- BARGAINING (struggling to find meaning / reaching out to others / telling one’s story)
- DEPRESSION (overwhelmed / helplessness / hostility / flight)
- ACCEPTANCE (exploring options / new plan in place / moving on)
what are some health results that someone may experience due to bereavement?
- extreme tiredness / fatigue
- loss of appetite
- weak muscles
- tight chest, dry mouth
- breathlessness
what can someone bereaving use to cope?
- medication (sleep, anxiety, depression)
- going to the funeral (if the person has died)
- returning to the scene (if an accident)
- counselling / support
- talking to those with similar experiences
give 3 reactions somebody in bereavement might express mentally.
- anger
- guilt / regret
- anxiety
- helplessness
- hopelessness
- numbness
give 3 reactions that somebody going through bereavement might express physically.
- sleep problems
- changes in appetite
- physical illness
what is the definition of pain?
- unpleasant sensory / emotional experience
- associated with actual tissue damage
- subjective
