Sociology Flashcards
What is intrinsic motivation
Motivation for enjoyment
What is extrinsic motivation
based on rewards and punishments
What is sociology
The study of interactions among people living in a community including their behaviours and beliefs.
What is urbanisation
The process of making an area more urban. Causes Major social problems like pollution, malnutrition, disease, crime and unemployment.
What is macro sociology:
Takes a wide perspective, concerned with studying society as a whole. Eg. healthcare system
What is microsociology:
Studies role and interactions of individuals or small groups eg. bedside manner
What are the origins of sociology.
Industrial revolution resulted in radical economic change
What are values
Shared standards of what is considered important.
What are norms
expectations about how people should behave.
What are roles
Expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position.
What is socialisation
Process of learning about, and developing, situationally appropriate behaviour.
What is primary socialisation
Learning basic skills needed to survive and function in society eg eating practices, hygiene
What is Secondary socialisation
Learning how to behave in group situations eg school or religious environment.
What is anticipatory socilization:
Involves the individual planning behaviour for a new social situation with unfamiliar expectations.
occurs when we start learning new norms and values in anticipation of a role we’ll occupy in the future
What is resocilization:
Process of negative behaviour being transformed into socially acceptable behaviour.
the process of learning new attitudes and norms required for a new social role.
what is Social inequality
the unequal distribution of resources, status in the social structure.
what is Social stratification
system of classifying individuals in a population based on qualities like wealth, power, prestige
what is Sociological definition of “group”:
A social group is a collection of individuals (two or more) connected by shared motivations, identity or actions
what is primary social group
a small, emotionally close, interdependent group whose members see one another often, know one another well, and value each member as a whole person
- e.g. family, friends
What is secondary group
a larger, more impersonal group that shares limited information, dependence, or interest from its members except for their contribution to the group goals
- e.g. sports team, religious community
what does aggregate mean
an aggregate is a collection of people who interact only briefly, if at all, and have little influence on one another.
i.e. people waiting for a bus together
What is instrumental leader
focussed on achieving group goals. Less concerned about quality of relationships. (get things done)
What is expressive leader
ocussed on maintaining group cohesion (togetherness). Less concerned about group goals.
define group conformity
a type of social influence that causes an individual to change their behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group.
what is an in group
a group that has a sense of belonging, mutual respect and loyalty, and members have similar interests and backgrounds.
Members may feel superior to an outside group, developing an “us vs. them” attitude.
what is an out group
any group that another group feels opposed to or in competition with.
The “them” in the “us vs. them” mentality.
What is innovative movement
Goal to bring about something new (policy, cultural attitude).
eg same sex marriage
what is Conservative Movement
Goal to resist establishment of something new (policy, cultural attitude).
eg. -resistance to animal rights movement
what is Reactionary Movement
Goal to re-establish an historical situation (former policy, or cultural attitude).
-calling for a ban on same-sex marriage after it has become legal.
what is reform movement
Work toward a socio-cultural or policy change without seeking to replace an entire institution or dramatically changing the social structure.
what is Revolutionary Movement
Work toward a sociocultural or policy change by completely replacing one or more social institutions.
What is pluralistic ignorance
A situation in which a majority of group members internally reject an idea, but outwardly accept it because they assume, wrongly, that most other group members accept it.
What is groupthink
A phenomena where people tend to confirm with group decisions to avoid feeling outcast. leading to errors in decision making.
What was critical period hypothesis
says that there is a period of growth in which full native competence is possible when acquiring a language
What is universal grammer
that the human brain contains an innate mental grammar that helps humans acquire language.
What are ferals
Children deserted at a young age and raised by animals
What are agents of socilization
the people and instrituions that shape an individuals social development
What are some agetns of socialisation
family friends workplace religon media
What is disparity
A noticiable and great difference
What is Inequality
Lack of equality, difference in size and degree
what is Infant mortality
A death of an infant before his or her first birthday.
What is Mortality
Measure of the number of deaths on a large scale
What is Morbidity
The rate of disease in a population
what does Equitable mean
impartial
define Life expectancy
Number of years an individual is expected to live.
Explain Quintile
Five equal groups that can be divided according to values and variables.
List the social determines of health
income, housing, education, employment, early childhood development and race
What do epidemiologist do
search for the cause of disease, identify people who are at risk, determine how to control or stop the spread or prevent it from happening again
What is Conspicuous consumption
when people prefer a good because it is more expensive . The display of item project relative standing.
