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Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology > Sociology > Flashcards

Sociology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation for enjoyment

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2
Q

What is extrinsic motivation

A

based on rewards and punishments

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3
Q

What is sociology

A

The study of interactions among people living in a community including their behaviours and beliefs.

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4
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The process of making an area more urban. Causes Major social problems like pollution, malnutrition, disease, crime and unemployment.

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5
Q

What is macro sociology:

A

Takes a wide perspective, concerned with studying society as a whole. Eg. healthcare system

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6
Q

What is microsociology:

A

Studies role and interactions of individuals or small groups eg. bedside manner

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7
Q

What are the origins of sociology.

A

Industrial revolution resulted in radical economic change

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8
Q

What are values

A

Shared standards of what is considered important.

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9
Q

What are norms

A

expectations about how people should behave.

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10
Q

What are roles

A

Expected behaviour of a person in a particular social position.

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11
Q

What is socialisation

A

Process of learning about, and developing, situationally appropriate behaviour.

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12
Q

What is primary socialisation

A

Learning basic skills needed to survive and function in society eg eating practices, hygiene

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13
Q

What is Secondary socialisation

A

Learning how to behave in group situations eg school or religious environment.

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14
Q

What is anticipatory socilization:

A

Involves the individual planning behaviour for a new social situation with unfamiliar expectations.

occurs when we start learning new norms and values in anticipation of a role we’ll occupy in the future

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15
Q

What is resocilization:

A

Process of negative behaviour being transformed into socially acceptable behaviour.

the process of learning new attitudes and norms required for a new social role.

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16
Q

what is Social inequality

A

the unequal distribution of resources, status in the social structure.

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17
Q

what is Social stratification

A

system of classifying individuals in a population based on qualities like wealth, power, prestige

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18
Q

what is Sociological definition of “group”:

A

A social group is a collection of individuals (two or more) connected by shared motivations, identity or actions

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19
Q

what is primary social group

A

a small, emotionally close, interdependent group whose members see one another often, know one another well, and value each member as a whole person

  • e.g. family, friends
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20
Q

What is secondary group

A

a larger, more impersonal group that shares limited information, dependence, or interest from its members except for their contribution to the group goals

  • e.g. sports team, religious community
21
Q

what does aggregate mean

A

an aggregate is a collection of people who interact only briefly, if at all, and have little influence on one another.
i.e. people waiting for a bus together

22
Q

What is instrumental leader

A

focussed on achieving group goals. Less concerned about quality of relationships. (get things done)

23
Q

What is expressive leader

A

ocussed on maintaining group cohesion (togetherness). Less concerned about group goals.

24
Q

define group conformity

A

a type of social influence that causes an individual to change their behavior or beliefs to fit in with a group.

25
Q

what is an in group

A

a group that has a sense of belonging, mutual respect and loyalty, and members have similar interests and backgrounds.
Members may feel superior to an outside group, developing an “us vs. them” attitude.

26
Q

what is an out group

A

any group that another group feels opposed to or in competition with.
The “them” in the “us vs. them” mentality.

27
Q

What is innovative movement

A

Goal to bring about something new (policy, cultural attitude).
eg same sex marriage

28
Q

what is Conservative Movement

A

Goal to resist establishment of something new (policy, cultural attitude).
eg. -resistance to animal rights movement

29
Q

what is Reactionary Movement

A

Goal to re-establish an historical situation (former policy, or cultural attitude).
-calling for a ban on same-sex marriage after it has become legal.

30
Q

what is reform movement

A

Work toward a socio-cultural or policy change without seeking to replace an entire institution or dramatically changing the social structure.

31
Q

what is Revolutionary Movement

A

Work toward a sociocultural or policy change by completely replacing one or more social institutions.

32
Q

What is pluralistic ignorance

A

A situation in which a majority of group members internally reject an idea, but outwardly accept it because they assume, wrongly, that most other group members accept it.

33
Q

What is groupthink

A

A phenomena where people tend to confirm with group decisions to avoid feeling outcast. leading to errors in decision making.

34
Q

What was critical period hypothesis

A

says that there is a period of growth in which full native competence is possible when acquiring a language

35
Q

What is universal grammer

A

that the human brain contains an innate mental grammar that helps humans acquire language.

36
Q

What are ferals

A

Children deserted at a young age and raised by animals

37
Q

What are agents of socilization

A

the people and instrituions that shape an individuals social development

38
Q

What are some agetns of socialisation

A 
family
friends
workplace
religon
media
39
Q

What is disparity

A

A noticiable and great difference

40
Q

What is Inequality

A

Lack of equality, difference in size and degree

41
Q

what is Infant mortality

A

A death of an infant before his or her first birthday.

42
Q

What is Mortality

A

Measure of the number of deaths on a large scale

43
Q

What is Morbidity

A

The rate of disease in a population

44
Q

what does Equitable mean

A

impartial

45
Q

define Life expectancy

A

Number of years an individual is expected to live.

46
Q

Explain Quintile

A

Five equal groups that can be divided according to values and variables.

47
Q

List the social determines of health

A

income, housing, education, employment, early childhood development and race

48
Q

What do epidemiologist do

A

search for the cause of disease, identify people who are at risk, determine how to control or stop the spread or prevent it from happening again

49
Q

What is Conspicuous consumption

A

when people prefer a good because it is more expensive . The display of item project relative standing.

Anthropology, Psychology and Sociology (6 decks)

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