Sociology 101 Final

Question 1

According to lecture, who is the founder of sociology?

Answer 1

Auguste Comte

Question 2

According to Comte, what are the 3 distinct phases of social development?

Answer 2

1. Theology stage
2. Metaphysical stage
3. Positive

Question 3

Briefly describe the theology phase

Answer 3

It is the act of legitimizing and giving authority to the church and it’s people “God ruled over everything” even the government

Question 4

Briefly describe the metaphysical stage

Answer 4

It is where grand ideas and philosophies are valued, philosophers have authority

Question 5

Briefly describe the positive stage

Answer 5

authority is heavily based on science and scientific ideas

Question 6

Who started to consider a society without God? And believed that “If humans are left alone in nature, they will turn evil”?

Answer 6

Thomas Hobbes

Question 7

August Comte is an _________ theorist

Answer 7

Evolutionary theorist

Question 8

According to Hobbes, we need social order because we humans are… (4 reasons)

Answer 8

evil, selfish, egoistic, inert

Question 9

What is social contract?

Answer 9

taking away a little bit of rights/liberty from everyone in exchange for protection.

Question 10

According to lecture, science is known as what 3 things?

Answer 10

universal, objective and value free

Question 11

Who mainly concentrates on wages and the division of labor?

Answer 11

Max Weber

Question 12

What idea did Weber initially support? What happened?

Answer 12

bureaucracy (division of labor), he later realized that in bureaucracy, we lose the idea of human nature. (humanity)

Question 13

According to Weber, what are the 3 branches of authority?

Answer 13

Charismatic, Traditional and Rational/legal

Question 14

Briefly explain the Charismatic branch of authority.

Answer 14

authority based on personality (not always positive)

Question 15

Briefly explain the Traditional branch of authority.

Answer 15

authority based on traditions (how things have commonly been)

Question 16

Briefly explain the Rational/ Legal branch of authority.

Answer 16

Using standardized rules that apply to everyone equally based on rational reasons/rules. (Meritocracy)

Question 17

What is Meritocracy?

Answer 17

a political system in which economic goods and/or political power are vested in individual people on the basis of talent, effort, and achievement,

Question 18

2 out of the 3 branches of authority are irrational what are they? Which one (according to Weber) is the best type of authority?

Answer 18

Irrational: Charismatic, Traditional

Rational is the best type of authority (fair, based on science)

Question 19

Science is based on rationality, therefore rejecting science makes you…

Answer 19

irrational

Question 20

What are the characteristics of bureaucracy?

Answer 20

• Standardized
• rule-bound
• hierarchal
• efficient