Sociologists Recall

Question 1

Bereiter + Engelmann

Answer 1

Black e/m backgrounds use restricted code. Also don’t speak English as 1st language, however many Indian British don’t yet they still achieve well in exams

Question 2

Scruton

Answer 2

Black e/m failed to integrate into British Culture which has resulted in underachievement. However, this is racist as it assumes that Black values are inferior. Many families do encourage + support hard work.

Question 3

Moynihan

Answer 3

Black single-parent families have no male role model (absence of father). Father’s role is discipline. Look for this male role in street gangs= anti-school subcultures in school

Question 4

Murray

Answer 4

Agrees with Moynihan. single-mothers are particularly damaging for boys- because of a dependency culture (on benefits) - children go on to do it, creating irresponsible mothers + fathers

Question 5

Sewell (D)

Answer 5

Disagrees with M&M. Present but use tough Love

Question 6

Pryce

Answer 6

Slave Trade destroyed Black culture, whereas in India it wasn’t (colonialism) Black students are unsure of their culture, whereas as Asians, Indians have self-worth.

Question 7

Lawrence

Answer 7

Disagrees w/ Pryce : Black boys UA because of racism rather than colonialism.

Question 8

Sewell (FS + PS)

Answer 8

Argues many Black families have low expectations of children (MTV, single mothers) Whereas Asian families have a hard work ethic - encourage hard work + brought up in a close-knit supportive family

Question 9

Lupton

Answer 9

Found that adult authority is similar to the model in school in Asian families. Children are expected to obey this hierarchical structure in home and at school. Hardworking and obedient which = EA

Question 10

McCulloch & Lupton

Answer 10

McCulloch : researched 16,000 students. EM have higher aspirations to go to uni whereas white WC have lower aspirations (no motivation)

Lupton : 4 high schools ( P, ME, W, W) Of all students, Pstudents were more likely to be on FSM. White parents low expectations mean students do worse.

Question 11

Evans

Answer 11

White WC join street cultures which –> disrupting learning (gangs) Rough estates, council housing, high crime rates. Protect themselves from harm by learning to be intimidating.

Question 12

Keddie

Answer 12

Victim blamed. Rather, schools are ethnocentric

Question 13

Operation Head-start

Answer 13

Programme in the US, 1960s. It was targeted at African American students to help them do better in education.

Question 14

Palmer

Answer 14

P + B students (middle/bottom of league tables). Backgrounds tend to be amongst the poorest in the UK (more recent arrivals) . Less likely to speak English so harder to get jobs. More religious so mother doesn’t work. More children + poorer diet and health.

Question 15

Rex + Wood

Answer 15

Rex: Racism in the wider society creates social exclusion of EM which worsens their deprivation. Council prioritise White families, and give EM housing which is in unsuitable conditions. Awaab Ishak.

Wood: Employment. Created false applications for jobs. 1,000 real adverts. EM were a 1/16 chance. White was 1/8 chance.