Ethnicity + Achievement- external factors Flashcards
What did Bereiter and Engelmann research about how intellectual and language skills affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Argue that children from Black e/m backgrounds lack intellectual stimulation & enriching experiences needed for educational success. As a result, they do not develop reasoning + problem solving skills. Use the restrictive code, which holds them back. Also don’t speak English as 1st language. However, many Indian British students don’t have English as 1st language but still do very well at school
What did Scruton research about how attitudes and values affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Scruton argues that some e/m fail to integrate into main stream British culture which leads to underachievement. This, however, is racist as it assumes that Black values are inferior. Many support + encourage hard work.
What did Moynihan research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Black single-parent families have no male role model (absence of father). Father’s role is discipline. Look for this male role in street gangs= anti-school subcultures in school
What did Murray research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Agrees with Moynihan by saying that single-mothers are particularly damaging for boys. This is because of a dependency culture (on benefits). If parents do it, children go on to do it, creating irresponsible mothers + fathers
What does Sewell say to disagree with Moynihan and Murray’s explanations on how family structure and parental support affect educational achievement?
Says that Black Fathers are present in children’s lives, however the problem is down to their parenting style. Tough love (rather than play, love, hug etc, they only do the tough = strict,punishment)
What did Pryce research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Slave Trade destroyed Black culture, whereas in India it wasn’t (colonialism) Argues Black students are unsure of their culture, whereas as Asians, Indians have self-worth. Black children less resistant to racism which is why they underachieve, but Asians do better.
What does Lawrence say to disagree with Pryce’s explanations on how family structure and parental support affect educational achievement?
Black boys UA because of racism rather than colonialism.
What did Sewell research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Argues many Black families have low expectations of children (MTV, single mothers) Whereas Asian families have a hard work ethic which encourage hard work + brought up in a close-knit supportive family
What did Lupton research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Research Asian families and found that adult authority is similar to the model in school. Children are expected to obey this hierarchical structure in home and at school. Asian parents are supportive of the school’s policy and the students are therefore hardworking and obedient which = EA
What did McCulloch & Lupton research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
McCulloch : resaerched 16,000 students. EM have higher aspirations to go to uni whereas white WC have lower aspirations (no motivation)
Lupton : 4 high schools ( Pakistani, ethnically mixed + two were white) Of all students, Pakistani students were more likely to be on FSM (measure of low wealth) White parents low expectations mean students do worse.
What did Evans research about how family structure + parental support affect the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Look at white WC students. They join street cultures which –> disrupting learning (gangs) Rough estates, council housing, high crime rates. Protect themselves from harm by learning to be intimidating. White WC exhibit this
What does Keddie say to disagree with explanations on how family structure and parental support affect educational achievement?
Parents and family structures are being victim-blamed for the UA of some EM as it is the fault of schools since they’re ethnocentric.
What was Operation Head-start, and how can it counter explanations on how family structure and parental support affect educational achievement?
Programme in the US, 1960s. It was targeted at African American students to help them do better in education.
What did Palmer research about how material deprivation affects the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Studied Pakistani + Bangladeshi students (middle/bottom of league tables). Reason for this is because these backgrounds tend to be amongst the poorest in the UK (more recent arrivals) . Less likely to speak English so harder to get jobs. More religious so mother doesn’t work. More children + poorer diet and health.
What did Rex + Wood research about how racism in the wider society affects the achievement of ethnic minorities?
Rex: researched all EM. Racism in the wider society creates social exclusion of EM which worsens their deprivation. When placing EM in housing, the council prioritise White families, and give EM housing which is in unsuitable conditions. 2 year old Awaab Ishak died due to mould exposure in his house.
Wood: Employment. Created false applications for jobs. He sent 3 identical job applications. Only difference was the name of the applicants. 1,000 real adverts. EM were a 1/16 chance. White was 1/8 chance.
