sociologists for gender achievement Flashcards by C W

FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

MCROBBIE - media representations

impact of feminism and media representations
girls magazines - images of independent career women

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FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

SUE SHARPE - aspirations interviews

interviewed teenage girls in 1970s/1990s
changing female aspirations as 1990s more career focused

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FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

O’CONNER - female identity

found marriage and babies were no longer central to the female identity

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FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

REAY - stereotyped ambitions

still problems for working class girls - reflecting their position in the class structure
they expected to go into low-paid work and had stereotyped ambitions for marriage/babies

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FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

BIGGART - motherhood

working class girls struggle in the labour market and see motherhood as the only viable option

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FEMALE SUCCESS - EXTERNAL

FULLER - educational success

girls believed in meritocracy and educational success was seen as important
professional working career would give them their independence

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

what where some policies introduced to help increase gender equality for girls?

GIST + WISE

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

how did the national curriculum 1988 (ERA) help gender equality?

girls and boys study mostly the same subjects so level playing field
girls, traditionally tended to drop out of sciences

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

BOALER - gist + wise

the introduction of equal opportunities has brought on equality

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

MITSOS & BROWNE - things that benefit girls

the switch to GCSEs (1988 ERA) and the introduction of coursework/oral exams benefitted the girls

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

FRANCIS - classroom interactions

girls received more positive teacher attention which benefits their education

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

WEINER (feminist) - sexist images

sexist images have been removed from learning materials (reading schemes, textbooks etc)

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

JACKSON - marketisation policies and selection

girls are more attractive to schools because of their exam success
schools concerned about league tables - boys seen as liability students

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

what do LIBERAL feminists believe about girls success in school?

recognise progress but believe more improvements could be made through policies/role models

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FEMALE SUCCESS - INTERNAL

what do RADICAL feminists believe about girls success in school?

a more critical view - say schools are still patriarchal

girls suffer from:
- sexual harassment
- gendered subjects
- males more likely to be headteachers

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CLASS IDENTITY AND FEMALES

ARCHER - conflict for working class girls

working class girls gain symbolic capital for their hyper-heterosexual identity from their peers but symbolic violence from the school

the schools identity is the de-sexualised middle class identity

CLASS IDENTITY AND FEMALES

EVANS - successful local working class girls

for successful working class girls staying local was part of the female working class identity
caring for the family was also important which prevented them from moving away to elite universities
this resulted in self-exclusion

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

MITSOS & BROWNE - globalisation

decline in traditional male jobs (mining, steel industry, shipbuilding) as they have been relocated to other countries
this has created a crisis for the masculine identity - lack of opportunities
fewer job prospects

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

SEWELL - feminisation of education

school has become feminised with traits such as organisation and attentiveness in class
no longer nurture masculine traits such as competitiveness and outdoor activities
lack of male teachers in primary schools

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

EPSTEIN - laddish subcultures

formation of laddish subcultures found amongst working class boys
verbal abuse given to boys who work hard
want to be seen as non-feminine

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

RINGROSE - moral panic about boys

there is a moral panic about underachieving boys which removes attention from working class / ethnic minorities / girls - who suffer from harassment, bullying and self esteem issues

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

READ - disciplinarian discourse

doubts whether male teachers are needed as females adopt a disciplinarian discourse that is associated with masculinity

BOYS UNDERACHIEVEMENT

what where some of the POLICIES introduced to help raise boys achievement?

READING CHAMPIONS - famous male role models sharing reading interests

DADS & SONS CAMPAIGN - fathers involved with their sons education

PLAYING FOR SUCCESS - sport being used to boost learning skills/motivation

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE

NORMAN - socialisation

from an early age girls and boys are socialised/encouraged to take part in different activities

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE ELWOOD & MURPHY - reading tastes

- girls and boys develop different reading tastes - boys prefer hobby books / girls prefer stories about people - this leads to different subject choices

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE BROWNE & ROSS - gender domain

tasks/activities are seen as male or female territory and children are more confident / comfortable in their own gender domain

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE KELLY - science

- science is seen as a male subject: - teachers are mostly male - subject draws on male interests - boys dominate labs

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE COLLEY - computer studies

- computer studies seen as masculine - involves working with machines - few opportunities for group work

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE LEONARD - single sex schools

in single sex schools girls are more likely to take maths/physics and boys are more likely to opt for english

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE FULLER - career opportunities

- career opportunities tend to be sex-typed as male/female - working class girls tend to be sent on work experience to beauty salons / nurseries / retail

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE national curriculum LIMITATIONS

places some limitations but when choices can be made in technology girls go for food tech and boys resistant materials

GENDER & SUBJECT CHOICE a levels/vocational subjects choices

- boys more likely to pick maths/physics - girls more likely to pick sociology/english/languages - in vocational subjects the gap is even wider (beauty/gaming)

SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY LEES - double standards

girls face verbal abuse for having too many boyfriends/dressing in a certain way which demonstrates patriarchy

SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY PAECHER - sexual identity

verbal abuse is used to shape gender/sexual identity which is not a true reflection - just maintaining subcultures and power

SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY MAC AN GHAILL - the male gaze

- the male gaze is used to reinforce heterosexual male dominance - girls are seen as sexual objects - boys boast about their sexual conquests to prove their masculinity

SEXUAL & GENDER IDENTITY MAC AN GHAILL - class based male identities

- macho working class lad who is peer-led and underachieves - middle class real englishman who achieves with little effort - macho working class lad dominates secondary school whilst the middle class real englishman dominates sixth form