Sociologist Theories Flashcards
What did Hall and Jefferson study
CCCS studies on spectacular youth subcultures and youth resistance in the collection “resistance through rituals”
What did Murray study
The fact that the underclass do not want to work and see dependency on welfare as a positive choice
They have deviant, different set of norms and values based on dependency, criminality and laziness
Condemns the increase in single mothers saying this explains the high rates of crime among male youths from deprived backgrounds
What did Wallis study
Working class lads in an all boys school in Birmingham saw themselves as school failures, but turned this round to a good thing. They spent most of their time mucking around having a “affected”. They knew they would be getting a job in a factory like their dad and so saw no value in education and saw it as unnecessary
What did Macdonald and marsh study
They supported willis’ findings - the working class people they studied still rejected academic success, believed that teachers were not bothered about them, felt it was not good to be seen to be trying hard or doing well at school due to peer pressure and antisocial subcultures
What did Mac an Ghail study
Looked into black youth in inner-city schools, he suggested that social class and gender intersect with racism and racial stereotypes, creating different responses among groups of young people
What did mcrobbie and garber study
Girls were conspicuously absent from most research on youth subcultures. When they did appear it reinforced stereotypical views of girls
Eg. Presenting them as girlfriends of subcultures pal members or commenting on their appearance
What did white study
That gangs tend to be linked to underclass conditions
Eg. Poverty and social exclusion - he notes that gangs provide a sense of social inclusion and support for vulnerable youths
What did Jackson study
Studied “laddishness” in school and found evidence from boys and girls. It was cool to be clever, but not to work hard. They would hide the fact that they tried from their friends. The laddish culture included smoking, swearing, acting “hard” and being open about their sex lives
What did Marxist suggest about social class
There are only two groups:
- those whom own the means of production = bourgeoisie
- those who need to sell their labour power = poletoriat
What was the class structure that Scott developed
The traditional scale:
Upper
Middle
Working
What was the class structure that Giddens developed
The new scale:
Super rich
New middle class
New working class
Underclass
Who developed the idea of the old boy network and what is it
Scott - it is a social network made up of people who share the same cultural assets
(It’s not what you know, it’s who you know)
Who developed the idea of social closure and what is it
Scott - those in wealthy upper class families are “closed off” to those around them who are not a part of the same high status
Children are encouraged to choose marriage partners from other upper class families
Who focused on family being the explanation for people being socialised into traditional middle class
King and Raynor
Who focused on the education system being the explanation for people being socialised into traditional middle class
Bourdieu
