Sociological Theories, Evolution of Society and Industrial Revolution

Question 1

these theories, grounded in meticulous research and data analysis, serve as invaluable tools for deciphering the intricate web of social structure and interactions that define our world

Answer 1

Sociological Theory

Question 2

this theory perceives a society as a complex system composed of interconnected parts.

These parts work in harmony to maintain social order to cater individual needs. Meaning each part performs a specific function.

Answer 2

Structural Functionalism

Question 3

This theory is from Durkheim that states there should be equilibrium

Answer 3

Structural Functionalism

Question 4

Structure in Structural Functionalism refers to?

Answer 4

Elements of society (the people, customs, family, government)

Question 5

Function in Structural Functionalism refers to?

Answer 5

the use, function, or dysfunction of institutions

Question 6

This is rooted in the works of Karl Marx

Answer 6

Conflict Theory

Question 7

in this theory, the importance of class conflict is emphasized in shaping society

Answer 7

Conflict Theory

Question 8

According to conflict theory, society is divided into two primary classes, what are these?

Answer 8

Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

Question 9

these are the capitalist class who own the means of production

Answer 9

Bourgeoisie

Question 10

these are the working class who sell their labors for wages

Answer 10

Proletariat

Question 11

The conflict between the two primary classes are driven by ?

Answer 11

The exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeosie

Question 12

According to conflict theorists, social order and stability are maintained through?

Answer 12

power relationships and the control of resources

Question 13

this theory focuses on how people create meaning and interpret symbols through their social interactions

Answer 13

Social Interactionism

Question 14

this theory emphasizes the importance of subjective meanings and the role of communication in shaping our understanding of the world

Answer 14

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 15

keywords in this theory is language and interpretations

Answer 15

symbolic interactionism

Question 16

this theory is the result of an exchange process where individuals weigh the costs and benefits of their interactions

Answer 16

Social Exchange Theory

Question 17

Theory assumes that people act in ways that maximize rewards and minimize costs in their relationships

Answer 17

Social Exchange Theory

Question 18

Two key words in Social Exchange Theory

Answer 18

Reciprocity and Mutual Benefit

Question 19

refers to the idea tht people expect a return for their actions

Answer 19

reciprocity

Question 20

refers to the idea that relationships are likely to be maintained when both parties receive some benefit from the exchange

Answer 20

Mutual Benefit

Question 21

a historical epoch that is supposed to have succeeded the modern era or modernity.

This is an entirely new way of thinking - 20th century theories

Answer 21

Post modernism

Question 22

defies the mutiny of paradigms and recognizes the tremendous limitations endured by scientists using the social sciences tradition

Answer 22

Fluid Sociology

Question 23

Keywords here are dynamic and evolving

Answer 23

Fluid Sociology

Question 24

This theory looks at the vantage point of women in which the activites of women-subordinated by gender-are variously affected by other stratifactional practices

Answer 24

Feminism / Feminist Theory

Question 25

It is a philosophical approach and research methodology that focuses on the study of human experiences and conciousness. Key word is lived experiences

Answer 25

Phenomenology

Question 26

It aims to uncover the seesence of those experiences by examining how people perceive and interpret reality

Answer 26

Phenomenology

Question 27

3 Main Kinds of Societies?

Answer 27

- pre industrial - industrial - post industrial

Question 28

What are the 4 main types of pre-industrial society?

Answer 28

- hunter and gatherer - pastoral - horticultural - agricultural

Question 29

TYPE OF PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY the norm until 10,000 - 20 000 years ago. Kinship and Tribe, and heavily relied on the environment

Answer 29

hunter-gatherer

Question 30

they hunted wild animals and gathered uncultivated plants for food. They often had to move to new areas (nomadic)

Answer 30

hunter-gatherer

Question 31

TYPE OF PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY based on the domestication of animals, typically nomadic because they take their herds to new grazing lands, and cultrual artifacts are easily transportable items (tents, woven carpets, jewelry)

Answer 31

Pastoral

Question 32

TYPE OF PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY newly developed capacity to grow and cultivate plants. Uses human labor and simple instruments. Uses rotation of lands, semi nomadic because they may stay in a land for a long time - can build permanent villages

Answer 32

Horticultural

Question 33

TYPE OF PREINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY relied heavily on permanent tools for survival. They used agricultural technology to cultivate crops over a large piece of land.

Answer 33

Agricultural

Question 34

Main thing that differentiated agricultural to horticultural is?

Answer 34

The use of plow

Question 35

t or f agricultural society is more socially stratified than horticultural

Answer 35

t

Question 36

this type of society used external energy sources like steam power, and replaced human labor with machinery, which led to a dramatic increase in efficiency

Answer 36

Indsutrial Society

Question 37

society which are dominated by information, services, and high technology. Most vital characteristic is value for knowledge, which led to a general increase in expertise

Answer 37

Post-industrial Society

Question 38

This industrial revolution is: - steam power to hand to machine production - began in 1750-1850 - arrival of steam engines that enabled machine production and factories

Answer 38

1.0 (FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

Question 39

This industrial revolution is: - electricity led to mass production in factories - 1850-1930 - harnessed power of electricity, leading to mass production and rapid transport of people, product, and ideas

Answer 39

2.0 (2ND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

Question 40

this type of indsutrial revolution is: - binary computer machines and later more advanced computers - DIGITAL ERA: Mainframe & personal computers, internet, immense storage - 1930-2000

Answer 40

3.0 (3RD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

Question 41

this type of industrial revolution is: - datafication of virtually everything - ubiquitous connectivity of machines, devices, and people, - yielded unlimited infortmation that moves QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY - 2000 - 2020

Answer 41

4.0 (4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)

Question 42

this type of industrial revolution is: - maximizing human and technological strengths - humans and tech collaborate rather than replace each other (knew the strengths of each actor) - 2020 to present

Answer 42

5.0 (5TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION)