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Sociology > Sociological Theories > Flashcards

Sociological Theories Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What theory argues that society is divided along gender lines

A

Feminism

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2
Q

What theory believes that men have more dominance and power than women in society

A

Feminism

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of feminist

A

Radical

Marxist

Liberal

Difference

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4
Q

What do radical feminist focus more on

A

The problem of the patriarchy

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5
Q

What do liberal feminist focus more on

A

The rights of women as individuals and believes in removing all forms of discrimination

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6
Q

What are feminist critical about?

A

The traditional role of the women

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7
Q

What approach do Marxist feminist take?

A

A Marxist approach to the study of women and women’s interest

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8
Q

What type of theory is feminism?

A

A conflict theory

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9
Q

Two strengths of feminism

A
  • very influential - effect role of women in today’s society
  • influenced the government and the laws
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10
Q

What laws have been influenced by feminism

A

Equal Pay Act

Sex discrimination Act

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11
Q

One criticism of feminism

A

Some types of feminist have suggested things that might be unworkable

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12
Q

What have radical feminists suggested that might be unworkable

A

To stop women from sleeping with the ‘enemy’

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13
Q

Key words for Feminism

A

Radical

Liberal

Marxism

Inequality

Patriarchy

Conflict

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14
Q

What type of theory is Marxism

A

A structural and conflict theory

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15
Q

What do Marxist believe

A

That the bourgeois exploits the proletariat

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16
Q

Who developed the Marxist theory

A

Karl Marx

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17
Q

What did Marx believe?

A

That the proietariat will eventually revolt against the Bourgeois

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18
Q

What is false class consciousness

A

Where the P are brainwashed so they don’t realise how bad their own situation is

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19
Q

Who owns the means of production

A

The bourgeoise

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20
Q

Two strengths of the Marxism theory

A
  • very influential in the 1960’s

* A good alternative to functionalism that actually addresses conflict

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21
Q

One criticisms of Marxism

A

•suggests we have no free will and are brainwashed into false consciousness

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22
Q

Key words for Marxism

A

Ideology

Capitalism

Means of production

Working class

Exploitation

False consciousness

Class consciousness

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23
Q

What is functionalism also known as

A

A consensus theory

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24
Q

What do functionalist believe

A

That society is a social system based on an agreement

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25
Q

What other theory can functionalism be related to

A

The organic theory

26
Q

What is the organic theory

A

Believe that society is run like the human body -

With each part having its own equal function

27
Q

What is social solidarity

A

A sense of belonging in a society

28
Q

Who is associated with functionalism

A

Emilie Durkheim

29
Q

One strength of functionalism

A

Organic analogy is useful

30
Q

One criticisms of functionalism

A

•rose tinted view - too optimistic

31
Q

What other theory’s can criticise functionalism

A
  • feminists

* social action theory

32
Q

Key words for functionalism

A

Consensus

Social control

Shared values/norms

Social solidarity

Organic analogy

Collective consciences

Structural

Rose tinted views

Socialisation

33
Q

What does new right theory focus on

A

The idea of ‘shared values’ but more specific about what they are

34
Q

What does new right theory highlight

A

The importance of family values and the responsibility of yourself

35
Q

When was the new right theory developed

A

In the 1980’s

36
Q

What type of values does the new right theory have

A

Victorian values

37
Q

What does new right family have a big influence on

A

Conservative party

The government

38
Q

What theory is similar to the new right theory

A

Functionalism

- NR was developed more recently

39
Q

What are the 5 giant evils New right believe are in society

A

Ignorance

Want

Squalor

Disease

Idieness

40
Q

Two strengths of new right theory

A
  • has informed many government policies on welfare,education and crime
  • it identifies the importance of shared moral values for society’s stability
41
Q

Two criticisms of new right theory

A
  • very ‘victim blaming’

* many people need benefits owing to their circumstances e.g. disability

42
Q

Key words for New right Theory

A

Freedom

Nuclear families

Welfare dependency

Welfare benefits

Single parents

Underclass

Marketisation

Zero tollerance

Traditional values

43
Q

What does the social action theory argue

A

That peoples behaviour and life chances aren’t determined by their social background

44
Q

What do social action theorists emphasis

A

The role of individuals in shaping personal identities

45
Q

Two strengths of social action theory

A
  • interactionism can give us an insight into small scale social processes
  • the theory has practical applications - labelling theory
46
Q

Two criticisms of social action theory

A
  • the theory assumes people will always live up to their label
  • it may ignore the importance effects that large scale social structures and systems can have on people
47
Q

Key sociologists of social Action theory

A

Meads

Becker

Weber

Gofmann’s

48
Q

What is postmodernism

A

An approach that attempts to define how society has progressed to an era beyond modernity

49
Q

What is a society most likely to experience in postmodern theory

A

A pick and mix culture - individuals will choose a religion that best suits their lifestyles

50
Q

What type of structure is the postmodernism theory

A

A complex structure

51
Q

Key postmodernists

A

Baudrilla

Lyotard

52
Q

Key studies in social action theory

A

Labelling theory - Becker

53
Q

What is the process of labelling

A 
Individuals label one another 
The label is then picked up on 
This shapes the ‘self - concept’ 
They see themselves in terms of the label 
The self-fulfilling prophecy
54
Q

What year was the first wave of feminism

A

Late 19th and early 20th century

55
Q

What happened in the first wave of feminism

A

Women got the vote

56
Q

When was the 2nd wave of feminism

A

1960’s and 1970’s

57
Q

What happened in the second wave of feminism

A

Equal pay act
Abortions became legal
Sex discrimination Act
Contraceptive pill

58
Q

Two strengths of postmodernism

A
  • useful in explaining the increase of diversity

* recognises the rise of consumerism and ability of people who choose their own identities

59
Q

Two criticisms of postmodernism

A
  • fail to see that many people are not as ‘free to choose’ as they say
  • fails to explain that their can still be inequality
60
Q

Key words for postmodernism

A

Metanarrative

Globalisation

Diversity

Media saturated society

Pick ‘n’ mix

Sociology (2 decks)

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