SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Flashcards
LESSON 2
How can we explain and predict ourselves
SELF-KNOWLEDGE
Who we are
SELF CONCEPT
Sense of self-worth
SELF-ESTEEM
Information about you that both & others know
OPEN SELF (arena)
Information that others know but you don’t
BLIND SELF(blind spots)
Information that you know but others don’t know
HIDDEN SELF(mask)
Judge the qualities of the person (impression developed quickly, almost immediately)
Little information
Information neither you and others don’t know
UNKNOWN SELF(unconscious)
- Aspects of one’s identity or self concept that are important and influenced by interpersonal relationships and the reactions of other people
- Person’s characteristics behavior in social situations
- Facade that individual exhibit
SOCIAL SELF
- Self is not present at birth ( develops only with social experience)
- Ourselves are formed through interactions with other people
- Self is not dependent on biological
predispositions; it is product of social interactions (George Mead and Charles Horton Cooley)
SELF AS A PRODUCT OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
- Our Sense of Self is influenced by comparisons with others
- Self-concept and self-esteem are also heavily influenced by the process of social comparison
- when we learn about our abilities and skills, about the appropriateness and validity of our opinions, and about our relative social status by comparing our own attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors with those of others.
SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY
- Our Sense of Self is influenced by the groups we belong to
- we draw part of our sense of identity and self-esteem from the social groups that we belong to
SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
-Our sense of self influence by others’ view of us
- Part of how we see ourselves comes from our
perception of how others see us (Cooley, 1902) - labeling bias occurs when we are labeled, and others’ views and expectations of us are
affected by that labeling
LOOKING GLASS SELF
-Our Sense of Self is influenced by the audiences we have
- tendency to present a positive self-image to others, with the goal of increasing our social status.
- People attempt to convince others that we are good and worthy people by appearing strong,
intelligent, and likable and by saying positive things to others - present the parts of themselves required by the social role that they are playing in
a given situation
SELF-PRESENTATION
- Our Sense of Self is influenced by our significant others
- develop their personalities by observing others and imitating their behaviors, attitudes, and
emotional reactions - An individual’s belief in their ability to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments (self-efficacy)
- ability to exert control over one’s own motivation, behavior, and social environment
(self-regulation)
THE INFLUENCE OF SIGNIFICANT OTHERS
Who conceptualize the theory of “looking glass self”
CHARLES HORTON COOLEY
Who developed te context of social phenomena like socialization. He believes that a central role of individual’s development is through spoke language—take the role of other persons and guide individuals behavior (behavioristic)
He believes that individual developed two forms of self.
I - sponteneous, unpredictable, & creative. acts in extreme situations
Me - self that created though socialization
According to him, there are 3 activities to develop the self: language, play, and games
GEORGE HERBET MEAD
A french social theorist who’s ideas centered on the role of the individuals within the structures.
His ideas focused on how individuals fit into a larger societal context, rather than inner nature of the individual
HENRI DE SAINT-SIMON
A french sociologist who believes that symbols and images that come to represent the ideas, beliefs, and values elaborated by a collectivity and are not reducible to individual constituents. Self is created through intense social interaction and are products of collective activity. Controlled by society (as a whole) yet simultaneously by virtue of that individual’s participation within the society.
DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM
An prominent proponent of social Darwinism. His concept of self were largely influenced by hid broader ideas related to evolution, individualism, and society. He considered the self as an autonomous, adaptable, and evolving entity with a role to play in both individual and societal advancement.
HERBERT SPENCER
He believes that social learning is also commonly referred to as observational learning because it comes about as a result of observing models.
FORMULATED:
* Reciprocal Determinism- behavior, personal factors, and environmental factors are all equal, interlocking determinants of each other
* Self-regulation - an individual’s ability to control their
behavior through internal reward or punishment,
* Self-efficacy - beliefs in their ability to achieve desired goals as a result of their own actions,
He also added the main source of self-efficacy:
1. Mastery of experience - requires experience in overcoming obstacles
2. Vicarous experience - provided social models (someone you look up to)
3. Social persuassion - affirmation from others to motivate you (ex. your doing good, kaya mo yan!)
4. Psychological responses - interpret stress reactions and tensions as signs of vulnerability
ALBERT BANDURA
German philospher who according to him that self is not isolated intentity, but rather deeply intertwined with social, economic, and class context in which individuals live and interact. Who conceptualize that meaning of alienation— distance between humanity and God; loss of individual’s original freedom
His ideas focused on class struggle, materialism, alienation, and economic influences
HINT: MARXISM
KARL MARX
According to him self identity is freely chosen. It is no longer restricted by customs and traditions. These freedom and changes offer opportunities for self-cultivation but problems may also arise (e.g., alienation and dehumanization).
GERRY LANUZA
According to him self identity can achieve through prestige symbols that they consume. (Ex. Red symbolizes courage and power)
JEAN BAUDRILLARD
