Socioeconomic Status and Health Flashcards
What is the definition of socioeconomic status (SES)?
Differences between individuals and groups in the possession of material resources or markers of social status such as schooling, income, or occupational status.
What does socioeconomic position (SEP) refer to?
A relational concept that describes how groups stand in relation to each other, such as those in supervisory authority versus those who take orders.
Who viewed ‘social class’ as the defining tension of the capitalist system?
Karl Marx.
What are the two broad classes defined by Karl Marx?
- Bourgeoisie
- Proletariat
What does the bourgeoisie represent in Marxist theory?
The ruling/capitalist class that owns the means of production and exploits the labor of the proletariat.
According to Max Weber, what determines social class?
A multidimensional view determined by wealth, power, and prestige.
What are the four forms of capital identified by Pierre Bourdieu?
- Economic capital
- Social capital
- Cultural capital
- Symbolic capital
What is the Fundamental Cause Theory in relation to health?
It posits that health-enhancing flexible resources like income, work, knowledge, and social support influence health outcomes.
What does Human Capital Theory emphasize?
The mechanisms as embodied skills and abilities that contribute to health.
What is the Signaling or Credentialism Perspective?
It identifies the accumulation of knowledge and social responses to educational attainment.
What is one limitation of the Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT)?
It suggests SES inequalities are static and unchangeable throughout the life course.
What does the Accumulation of Risk model indicate?
Each additional episode of low SES adds to an ever-growing health disadvantage.
What is meant by ‘trajectory’ or ‘chain-of-risk’ in the context of SES?
Low SES becomes biologically embedded over time.
What is the relationship between childhood chronic conditions and educational outcomes?
Chronic conditions like juvenile-onset diabetes can lead to missing school, impacting educational attainment.
True or False: Downward social mobility is associated with good health.
False.
What does the term ‘reverse causation’ refer to in health disparities?
The phenomenon where health outcomes, such as overweight/obesity, can lead to changes in income rather than the other way around.
What factor is strongly related to educational attainment and smoking status?
There is a strong relation indicating educational inequalities in smoking.
Fill in the blank: The dual function of education includes being a driver of opportunities and _______.
[reproducing inequality across generations].
What percentage of individuals with college degrees by age 24 come from families in the top quartile of family income?
Over half.
What is a critical aspect of measuring social class?
Considering how many classes or strata exist.
What does the term ‘diminishing health returns of education’ refer to?
The reduced health benefits of education among racial-ethnic minorities.
What is the focus of future research into the education-health relationship?
The operationalization of education, considering attainment versus quality and context.
What states have particularly high disability rates due to low social welfare investment?
- Mississippi
- Kentucky
- West Virginia
