Race-Ethnicity and Health Flashcards
What is the critical or sensitive period model in SES-Health?
Timing is important in determining health outcomes
This model suggests that specific periods in life are crucial for health development.
What does the accumulation of risk model in SES-Health imply?
Each additional episode of low SES adds to an ever-growing health disadvantage
This model indicates a cumulative effect of socioeconomic status on health.
What is the trajectory or chain-of-risk model?
Low SES becomes biologically embedded over time
This model explains how socioeconomic disadvantages can have lasting biological effects.
What is reverse causation in the context of SES and health?
The idea that poor health can lead to lower SES
This highlights the complexity of the relationship between health and socioeconomic status.
What is confounding in causal inference?
A correlation between an exposure variable and disease is driven by an omitted third variable
This concept is crucial for understanding biases in health research.
Give an example of confounding in educational inequalities.
Differences in smoking rates were present at age 17, suggesting a third variable influences both education and smoking
This illustrates how early life factors can impact later health behaviors.
What is the pseudoscience of race?
The belief that physical traits could determine behavior and intelligence
This misguided notion has historically justified racism and eugenics.
How does modern science view race?
There is no strong biological basis for racial classification
Most phenotypic traits associated with race transcend ancestry.
What is the definition of racism as a fundamental cause of health inequalities?
Racism fundamentally causes inequalities in race-related resources, which in turn affect health and mortality
This perspective emphasizes the systemic nature of racism in health disparities.
What are the three levels of racism?
- Institutional racism
- Interpersonal racism
- Internalized racism
Understanding these levels helps in addressing the impact of racism on health.
What is systemic racism?
A set of flexible resources that advantage whites, including structural, individual, and social psychological factors
This concept highlights the pervasive nature of racial inequalities.
What does the weathering hypothesis explain?
Cumulative experiences of social, economic, and political exclusion lead to divergent biological processes of aging
This hypothesis addresses the health implications of prolonged exposure to stressors.
How can social stress affect health?
It induces physiological responses that can harm health
Both acute and chronic stress have been linked to various health outcomes.
What is the impact of residential segregation on health?
Environmental exposures in minority neighborhoods are significantly higher than in white neighborhoods
This contributes to health disparities based on race.
What is the significance of the ‘one drop rule’?
It defined African Americans primarily by social legislation during segregation periods
This rule illustrates the historical context of racial classification in the U.S.
What does the term ‘flexible resources’ refer to in the context of race?
Resources such as power, prestige, and social connections that are unequally distributed based on race
These resources can significantly impact health outcomes.
What is the association between racism and occupational power?
Black and white Americans are unequal in terms of occupational power
This disparity is a significant factor in socioeconomic health inequalities.
Fill in the blank: Racism is a fundamental cause of inequalities in _______.
[health and mortality]
This highlights the essential role of racism in shaping health outcomes.
True or False: Genetic differences between populations of a particular race are often more pronounced than differences between races.
True
This finding challenges the biological basis of racial classifications.
What is the role of implicit bias in healthcare?
It can affect the quality of care received by patients based on their race or ethnicity
Implicit biases can lead to disparities in treatment and outcomes.
