Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Flashcards

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1
Q

How can socio-economic status be measured ?

A
  • Individual occupation
  • Area of residence
  • Health status (life expectancy & infant mortality)
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2
Q

Deprivation is strongly associated with ill health.

Explain the relationship between these two factors

A

The more deprived a person is, the larger the proportion of their life will be spent in ill health and the more like they are to die at a young age

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3
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Artefact

A
  • Health inequalities are evident due to the way statistics are collected
  • Concerns are about quality of data and method of measurement
  • Discredited as more often data problems lead to underestimation of inequalities
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4
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Social Selection

A
  • Direction of causation is from health to social position
  • Sick individuals move down social hierarchy, healthy individuals move up
  • Plausible explanation but minor contribution
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5
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Behaviour-cultural

A
  • Ill health is due to people’s choices/decision, knowledge and goals
  • People from disadvantaged backgrounds tend to engage in more health-damaging behaviours
  • Limited as behaviours are outcomes of social processes, not simply individual choice
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6
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Materialist

A
  • Inequalities in health arise from differential access to material resources – low income; unemployment; work environments; low control over job; poor housing conditions
  • Most plausible
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7
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Psychosocial

A
  • Psychosocial pathways act in addition to direct effects of absolute material living standards
  • Some stressors are distributed on a social gradient of psychosocial factors – e.g. negative life events, social support, autonomy at work; job security
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8
Q

The Black Report offers explanations, theories and pathways for inequalities in health.

Outline the explanation proposed in Income distribution

A
  • Relative (not average) income affects health
  • Countries with greater income inequalities have greater health inequalities
  • The most egalitarian (not the richest) societies that have the best health
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9
Q

Which services do more deprived groups use?

A
  • GP services
  • Emergency services
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10
Q

Which services do more deprived groups under use?

A
  • Preventive services e.g screening, LTC reviews, outpatients
  • Specialist services e.g. CABG and cancer treatments
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