Sociocultural SAQ Terminology

Question 1

Social identify theory

Answer 1

A theory which states that an individual’s sense of self is developed on the basis of group membership, and this identity is shared with other members of the same group.

Question 2

Social categorisation

Answer 2

The process of dividing people into ingroups and outgroups

Question 3

Ingroup vs outgroup

Answer 3

An ingroup is a group that you are a part of (us), an outgroup is a group that you’re not a part of (them).

Question 4

Perceived variability

Answer 4

The apparent difference between groups, decreased between two ingroups or two outgroups but increased between an ingroup and an outgroup.

Question 5

Social identity

Answer 5

The groups that you are a part of that determine your behaviour at any given time. For example, if you are both a teacher and dad, when teaching a class, your social identity will be determined much more by your teacher ingroup than your dad ingroup.

Question 6

Social comparison

Answer 6

The comparison between your ingroup and relevant outgroups. We are different to them.

Question 7

Positive distinctiveness

Answer 7

An attempt to make our in-group distinct from the out-groups, making the difference favorable for the in-group, essentially in-group bias.

Question 8

Self-esteem

Answer 8

The way in which we value and perceive ourselves.

Question 9

Minimal group paradigm

Answer 9

Research involving placing people into meaningless groups, meaning they have minimal things in common.

Question 10

Social cognitive theory

Answer 10

A theory by Bandura which proposes that learning behaviour involves four different stages: attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.

Question 11

Attention

Answer 11

Focussing on the behaviour being presented to you.

Question 12

Retention

Answer 12

An observer retains the sequence of behaviors and consequences, which they can retrieve for future imitations of the behaviors

Question 13

Motivation

Answer 13

Something needs to motivate the person to repeat the behaviour.

Question 14

Reinforcement

Question 15

Vicarious reinforcement

Answer 15

Learning through observation of the consequences of actions for other people.

Question 16

Potential

Question 17

Triadic reciprocal determinism

Question 18

Self-efficacy

Question 19

Stereotypes

Question 20

Social schema

Question 21

Illusory correlation

Question 22

Cognitive bias

Question 23

Prejudice

Question 24

Discrimination

Question 25

Shooter bias

Question 26

Internal validity

Question 27

External validity

Question 28

Reliability

Question 29

Causation

Question 30

Purpose of ethical considerations

Question 31

BPS/APA

Question 32

Scientific responsibility

Question 33

Culture

Question 34

Cultural norms

Question 35

Surface culture

Question 36

Shallow culture

Question 37

Deep culture

Question 38

Cultural dimensions theory

Question 39

Individualism

Question 40

Emic research

Question 41

Etic research

Question 42

Collectivism

Question 43

Intrinsic motivation

Question 44

Extrinsic motivation

Question 45

Primary culture

Question 46

Direct tuition

Question 47

Participatory learning

Question 48

Observational learning

Question 49

Gender roles

Question 50

Acculturation strategies

Question 51

Assimilation

Question 52

Integration

Question 53

Marginalisation

Question 54

Separation

Question 55

Acculturative stress

Question 56

Acculturation gaps