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Socio > Socio2 > Flashcards

Socio2 Flashcards

1
Q

Race is used to classify individuals or groups of people

A

racialization

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2
Q

Members of this group are disadvantaged when compared with the dominant group - a group possessing more wealth, power and prestige - and have some sense of group solidarity, of belonging together

A

Minority groups

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3
Q

Immigrants abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority

A

assimilation

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4
Q

Max Weber made detailed studies of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancient Judaism, he wrote extensively about the impact of Christianity on the history of the West in his book called

A

The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism

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5
Q

A belief in spirits or ghosts, thought to populate the same world as human beings

A

Animism

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6
Q

A belief in many gods

A

polytheistic (Hinduism

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7
Q

A large group of kin, or relatives, which could include grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins living in one household

A

Extended families

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8
Q

Nuclear family is

A

two generations of a family living together in one household

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9
Q

Marrying someone of similar race or ethnicity, class, education, religion, region, or nationality

A

Endogamy

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10
Q

Marrying someone from a different social group

A

Exogamy

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11
Q

A system of marriage that allows men to have multiple wives

A

Polygamy

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12
Q

A system of marriage that allows women to have multiple husbands

A

polyandry

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13
Q

Living together as a romantically involved, unmarried couple

A

Cohabiting

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14
Q

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and prestige results

A

social inequality

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15
Q

The most extreme system of social stratification, relegates people to the status of property, mainly for the purpose of providing labor for the slave owner

A

Slavery

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16
Q

A form of social stratification in which status is determined by one’s family history and background and cannot be changed

A

Caste

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17
Q

A system of stratification practiced primarily in capitalist societies, ranks groups of people according to their wealth, property, power, and prestige. It is also referred to by sociologists as socioeconomic status

A

Social Class

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18
Q

A mobility, which is fairly common, refers to the changing of jobs within a class: a therapist who shifts careers so that he can teach college

A

lateral mobility (glossary)

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19
Q

A movement up or down the social ladder, and thus is often called upward or downward mobility

A

vertical social mobility

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20
Q

An angry comment is an example of … sanction

A

informal, negative

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21
Q

Violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

A

define primary deviance

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22
Q

A behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

A

crime

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23
Q

Author of structural strain theory

A

Robert Merton

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24
Q

The regulation and enforcement of norms

A

social control

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25
Q

The three major sociological paradigms that offer explanations for the motivation behind deviance and crime

A

functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory

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26
Q

A student has a habit of talking on their cell phone during class. One day, the professor stops the lecture and asks the student to respect others in the class by turning off the phone. In this situation, the professor used __________ to maintain social control.

A

informal negative sanctions

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27
Q

Societies practice social control to maintain

A

the stability of society(social order)

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28
Q

Amount of physical, mental, and social effort used to produce goods and services in an economy

A

Labor

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29
Q

Unskilled labor

A

Does not require training

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30
Q

Author of the work “The division of labour”

A

E.Durkheim

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31
Q

A set of vacancies opened in a certain period at state enterprises

A

The labor market

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32
Q

Causes of migration

A

Push Factors
Pull Factors

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33
Q

Migration by social, political or religious oppression causes

A

Push factors

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34
Q

Demographic structure change is a consequence of

A

Migration

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35
Q

Migration by better educational and health opportunities causes

A

Pull factors

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36
Q

Movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purposes of resettling

A

Migration

37
Q

Two main authors on sociological perspectives of labor

A

By Karl Marx
ByMaxWeber

38
Q

Internal migration is

A

human migration within a country

39
Q

Seasonal migration is

A

the movement of people from one place or another on a seasonal basis

40
Q

Migration by overcrowding, lack of sanitation and resource crunch causes

A

Push factors

41
Q

Formal social control is

A

Through formal controls, the state or other authorities discourage nonconformity

42
Q

Informal social control is

A

Through informal controls, our friends and intimates reward us for conformity and punish us for nonconformity

43
Q

Law of 3 stages by A. Comte

A

(1) the theological stage - fictitious
(2) the metaphysical stage - abstract
(3) the positive stage - scientific

44
Q

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

A

The study of society and social interaction

45
Q

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle?

A

Karl Marx

46
Q

Process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions

A

Socialization

47
Q

The theory which focuses on how socialization reinforces unequal power arrangements

A

Conflict theory(social inequality)

48
Q

The author of the book “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism”

A

М.Weber

49
Q

Macrosociology

A

studies society as a whole

50
Q

The founder of positivism in sociology is

A

Auguste Comte

51
Q

Who introduced the term “sociology” directly into scientific circulation

A

A.Comte

52
Q

A.Comte considered sociology as

A

Social physics(positivism?)

53
Q

The theory which addresses the question of social organization (structure) and how it is maintained (function).

A

Functionalism

54
Q

C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals

A

Imagination

55
Q

The process of socialization begins at the age

A

from the time a child is born, throughout life until death

56
Q

Who gave law of three stages in sociology?

A

Auguste Comte

57
Q

The author of the book “Suicide”

A

E. Durkheim

58
Q

Who created the looking-glass self theory?

A

Charles Cooley

59
Q

Which theory addresses the points of stress and conflict in society and the ways in which they contribute to social change.

A

Social conflict theory

60
Q

Which of the following is typically the earliest agent of socialization?

A

Family

61
Q

Structural-functional theory

A

assumes that socialization benefits everyone

62
Q

Which theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings

A

develop and communicate shared meanings
Symbolic

63
Q

Which theory addresses the subjective meanings of human acts and the processes through which people come to develop and communicate shared meanings

A

develop and communicate shared meanings
Symbolic

64
Q

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject?

A

The study of society and social interaction

65
Q

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist?

A

Participant observation

66
Q

“Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level?

A

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

67
Q

The property of the sample to reflect the characteristics of the general population is called

A

A sample

68
Q

The actual population selected for the research

A

The research sample(the respondents)

69
Q

Type of questions that leave respondents with a space in which to write their answers

A

Open-ended

70
Q

Type of questions that give a respondent a fix number of choices

A

Closed or close-ended question(Standardized)

71
Q

Explanation for a phenomenon based on a conjecture about the relationship between the phenomenon and one or more causal factors.

A

A hypothesis

72
Q

All people who could potentially be studied as part of the research

A

The General Population

73
Q

Methods attempt to gather detailed, rich data allowing for an in-depth understanding of individual action in the context of social life

A

Qualitative methods

74
Q

Trial run in which just a few people complete a questionnaire

A

A pilot study

75
Q

A sample is chosen so that every member of the population has the same probability of being included

A

Random sampling

76
Q

Group interview also can be called

A

Focus group

77
Q

Research method which can be quite inexpensive comparing with other methods

A

Content analysis

78
Q

Methods try to measure social phenomena and use mathematical models and, often, statistical analysis to explain them

A

Quantitative methods

79
Q

Type or research when we use both quantitative and qualitative methods

A

Mixed (triangulation)

80
Q

A research method in which the researcher manipulates the independent variable to test theories of cause and effect

A

Experiments

81
Q

A research method in which researchers participate in their subjects’ daily life, observe daily life, or interview people in depth about their lives

A

Participant observation

82
Q

A research method that refers to the systematic examination of documents of any sort

A

Content analysis

83
Q

The process of deciding exactly how to measure a given variable is called

A

Operationalizing

84
Q

The group in an experiment that does not receive the independent variable

A

Сontrol group

85
Q

The group in an experiment that experiences the independent variable

A

Experimental Group

86
Q

An interrelated set of assumptions that explains observed patterns

A

Theory

87
Q

A statement about relationships that we expect to find if our theory is correct

A

Hypotheses

88
Q

Recruitment technique in which research participants are asked to assist researchers in identifying other potential subjects

A

Snowball sampling

Socio (2 decks)

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